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Crop Biotechnology: Genetic Modification And Genome Editing

Crop Biotechnology: Genetic Modification And Genome Editing
Author: Halford Nigel G
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2018-05-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1786345323

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Plant molecular biology came to the fore in the early 1980s and there has been tremendous growth in the subject since then. The study of plant genes and genomes, coupled with the development of techniques for the incorporation of novel or modified genes into plants, eventually led to the commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the mid-1990s. This was seen as the start of a biotechnological revolution in plant breeding. However, plant biotechnology became one of the hottest debates of the age and, in Europe at least, has been mired in controversy and over-regulation. Nevertheless, recent years have seen further technological innovation in the development of a range of techniques that enable scientists to make specific changes to target genes. Through a detailed history and development of the science and techniques that underpin crop biotechnology, this title is concise, comprehensive and readable. As well as new sections on genome editing, this edition includes expanded sections on current GM crops and future developments in plant biotechnology, and updated sections on techniques, legislation and the GM crop debate. The previous edition of this book, titled Genetically Modified Crops, 2nd Edition, was published in November 2011. Contents: DNA, Genes, Genomes and Plant BreedingThe Techniques of Plant Genetic Modification and Genome EditingThe Use of Genetically Modified (GM) and Genome-edited Crops in AgricultureLegislation Covering Genetically Modified (GM) Crops and FoodsIssues that Have Arisen in the GM Crop and Food Debate Readership: It is accessible to a general readership with a scientific background but also provides useful information for the specialist, particularly those interested in the production of genetically modified (GM) and genome edited crops, the use of GM and genome edited crops in commercial agriculture. Keywords: Agriculture;Agricultural Sciences;Biology;Biotechnology;Botany;Crop Science;Environment;Food;Genes;Genetics; Genetic Engineering;Genetic Modification;Genetic Manipulation;GM Crops;Plant Breeding;PlantsReview: Key Features: Written by an acknowledged expert in the fieldNow includes genome edited as well as GM cropsGreatly expanded sections on current GM and genome edited crops and future developments in plant biotechnologyUpdated sections on legislation and the GM crop debateA concise reference with all the important facts in one placeA readable treatise of an issue with implications for science in society that go well beyond plant breeding and crop science


Genetically Engineered Crops

Genetically Engineered Crops
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 607
Release: 2017-01-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309437385

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Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.


Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology

Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology
Author: Hans-Georg Dederer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 372
Release: 2019-08-16
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3030171191

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This book provides in-depth insights into the regulatory frameworks of five countries and the EU concerning the regulation of genome edited plants. The country reports form the basis for a comparative analysis of the various national regulations governing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in general and genome edited plants in particular, as well as the underlying regulatory approaches.The reports, which focus on the regulatory status quo of genome edited plants in Argentina, Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan and the USA, were written by distinguished experts following a uniform structure. On this basis, the legal frameworks are compared in order to foster a rational assessment of which approaches could be drawn upon to adjust, or to completely realign, the current EU regime for GMOs. In addition, a separate chapter identifies potential best practices for the regulation of plants derived from genome editing.


Genome Editing in Agriculture

Genome Editing in Agriculture
Author: Christian Dürnberger
Publisher: Nomos Verlag
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2019-02-05
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3845296437

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Neue Pflanzenzüchtungstechnologien wie CRISPR/Cas haben das Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit in der Landwirtschaft. Mit den Techniken des Genome Editing können die Erträge bei gleichzeitig reduziertem Pestizideinsatz gesteigert werden. Auch an der Verbesserung des Nährwerts von Pflanzen wird weltweit geforscht. Ob die neuen Techniken allerdings in Europa zum Einsatz kommen, ist gegenwärtig fraglich. Soll Genome Editing wie die "klassische" Gentechnik reguliert werden? Und wie kann eine verantwortliche Auslegung des Vorsorgeprinzips beim Einsatz der neuen Technologien aussehen? Die politische Diskussion um die Bewertung der neuen Pflanzenzüchtungstechnologien ist in vollem Gange. Die Beiträge dieses Sammelbands präsentieren rechtliche, soziale und ethische Aspekten zum Thema, die auf einer Summer School des Instituts Technik-Theologie-Naturwissenschaften (TTN) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München zur Diskussion standen. Mit Beiträgen von Stephan Schleissing; Sebastian Pfeilmeier; Christian Dürnberger; Jarst van Belle; Jan Schaart; Robert van Loo; Katharina Unkel; Thorben Sprink; Aurélie Jouanin; Marinus J.M. Smulders; Hans-Georg Dederer; Brigitte Voigt; Felix Beck; João Otávio Benevides Demasi; Bartosz Bartkowski; Chad M. Baum; Alexander Bogner; Helge Torgersen; Sebastian Schubert; Anne Friederike Hoffmann; Ksenia Gerasimova; Karolina Rucinska


Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods

Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 254
Release: 2004-07-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309166152

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Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.


CRISPRized Horticulture Crops

CRISPRized Horticulture Crops
Author: Kamel A Abd-Elsalam
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 554
Release: 2024-03-19
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0443132305

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CRISPRized Horticultural Crops: Genome Modified Plants and Microbes in Food and Agriculture summarizes applications of CRISPR/Cas systems and its advanced variants e.g., CRISPR/Cpf1, base editing and prime editing, for precise editing of horticultural crops. The book discusses vector transformations methods, epi-genome, deep learning, synthetic biology, and precision breeding for improving yield and quality related attributes in horticultural crops. With coverage of the relevant technologies and their applications, the book also includes bioinformatics and large-scale databases and their potential application in fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants and sections on regulatory concerns related to CRISPR edited crops. Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable and ornamental plants are an important component of agriculture production systems and play an important role in sustaining human life. Reviews CRISPR for editing horticultural crops Discusses vector transformation methods, epigenome, deep learning, synthetic biology and precision breeding Includes bioinformatics and large-scale databases Contributes engineering approaches for crop improvement programs


Biotech Challenges

Biotech Challenges
Author: Catherine Regnault-Roger
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 163
Release: 2024-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3031382374

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The evolution of genome’s modification by genetic engineering was characterized by a major technological breakthrough with the discovery of CRISPR in 2012. A distinction is now made between first-generation biotechnologies developed in the 20th century and current second-generation biotechnologies, NGT or New Genomic Techniques, including genome editing. How do we consider these genomic modifications compared to those that occur spontaneously in nature? What are the applications of these techniques in the fields of plants, animals, and human health? What prospects in terms of development and independence for countries and at least what regulations are in force on the different continents? The book questions what GMOs are, genome editing products and the place of genomic transformations today and tomorrow in our societies. It tries to give some geostrategic and regulatory benchmarks on biotech products in order to better understand the current issues.


Plant Genome Editing Technologies

Plant Genome Editing Technologies
Author: Jen-Tsung Chen
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 316
Release:
Genre:
ISBN: 9819993385

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Applications of Genetic Engineering to Crop Improvement

Applications of Genetic Engineering to Crop Improvement
Author: G.B. Collins
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 607
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 940096207X

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The contributions of plant genetics to the production of higher yielding crops of superior quality are well documented. These successes have been realized through the application of plant breeding techniques to a diverse array of genetically controlled traits. Such highly effective breeding procedures will continue to be the primary method employed for the development of new crop cultivars; however, new techniques in cell and molecular biology will provide additional approaches for genetic modification. There has been considerable speculation recently concerning the potential impact of new techniques in cell and molecular biology on plant improvement. These genetic engineering techniques should offer unique opportunities to alter the genetic makeup of crops if applied to existing breeding procedures. Many questions must be answered in order to identify specific applications of these new technologies. This search for applications will require input from plant scientists working on various aspects of crop improvement. This volume is intended to assess the interrelationships between conventional plant breeding and genetic engineering.