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Crop- and Location-Specific Drought Index for Agricultural Water Management

Crop- and Location-Specific Drought Index for Agricultural Water Management
Author: Rachel McDaniel
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:
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Severe droughts have plagued the United States over the last few years. The 2011 Texas drought, the 2012 U.S. drought, and the current California drought have greatly impacted the nation's economy and agricultural production. Different crops vary in their response to water stress. Despite this, commonly used drought indices, such as the Palmer Drought Severity Index, do not consider crop specific factors. The goal of this project was to create a methodology to produce crop and location specific drought and yield trend forecasts to help agricultural producers make more informed water management decisions. To achieve this, a drought index was developed and analyzed, weather forecasts were used in a hydrology/crop model to predict hydrologic conditions and crop yields, and an example interactive map interface were created to convey this information to water stakeholders. The drought index uses five parameters that affect or are affected by drought. These parameters include precipitation, temperature, cumulative biomass, soil moisture, and transpiration. Soil moisture and temperature are ranked against crop-specific threshold values, while precipitation and cumulative biomass are ranked against location-specific normal values. Transpiration is ranked against the location-specific potential transpiration. A case study was performed in the Upper Colorado River Basin located in West Texas using this drought index. Cotton is the primary crop grown in the watershed and was used in this study. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate the cumulative biomass, soil moisture, and transpiration. A multiple linear regression model was developed for each week of the growing season based on the significant parameters during that stage of the growing season. These models were used to predict yield trends and drought severity. Two week forecasts for each drought parameter, yield trends, and the drought index were generated for 2010 through 2013 by using forecasted precipitation and temperature data as inputs for the hydrologic and crop model. This provided forecasted soil moisture, transpiration, and cumulative biomass production. Parameter rankings, yield trends, and the drought index were compared for those calculated with actual precipitation and temperature data as well as forecasted precipitation and temperature data. The precipitation ranking, temperature ranking, cumulative biomass ranking, transpiration ranking, estimated yield trends, and drought index indicated satisfactory forecast results. The soil moisture forecast did not result in satisfactory forecast. The final step in the project was to create an example interface for agricultural producers and water managers to view drought related stresses. ArcGIS online was used to create maps which show graphs of the weekly drought index and soil moisture ranking. Maps were created at the county scale. These maps provide agricultural producers readily accessible information that can be used for decision making related to water management. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155528

Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought

Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought
Author: Vijendra K. Boken
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 552
Release: 2005-04-14
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0190289961
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Agricultural droughts affect whole societies, leading to higher food costs, threatened economies, and even famine. In order to mitigate such effects, researchers must first be able to monitor them, and then predict them; however no book currently focuses on accurate monitoring or prediction of these devastating kinds of droughts. To fill this void, the editors of Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought have assembled a team of expert contributors from all continents to make a global study, describing biometeorological models and monitoring methods for agricultural droughts. These models and methods note the relationships between precipitation, soil moisture, and crop yields, using data gathered from conventional and remote sensing techniques. The coverage of the book includes probabilistic models and techniques used in America, Europe and the former USSR, Africa, Asia, and Australia, and it concludes with coverage of climate change and resultant shifts in agricultural productivity, drought early warning systems, and famine mitigation. This will be an essential collection for those who must advise governments or international organizations on the current scope, likelihood, and impact of agricultural droughts. Sponsored by the World Meterological Organization

Remote Sensing of Drought

Remote Sensing of Drought
Author: Brian D. Wardlow
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 487
Release: 2012-04-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1439835578
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Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches presents emerging remote sensing-based tools and techniques that can be applied to operational drought monitoring and early warning around the world. The first book to focus on remote sensing and drought monitoring, it brings together a wealth of information that has been scattered throughout the literature and across many disciplines. Featuring contributions by leading scientists, it assembles a cross-section of globally applicable techniques that are currently operational or have potential to be operational in the near future. The book explores a range of applications for monitoring four critical components of the hydrological cycle related to drought: vegetation health, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater, and precipitation. These applications use remotely sensed optical, thermal, microwave, radar, and gravity data from instruments such as AMSR-E, GOES, GRACE, MERIS, MODIS, and Landsat and implement several advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques. Examples show how to integrate this information into routine drought products. The book also examines the role of satellite remote sensing within traditional drought monitoring, as well as current challenges and future prospects. Improving drought monitoring is becoming increasingly important in addressing a wide range of societal issues, from food security and water scarcity to human health, ecosystem services, and energy production. This unique book surveys innovative remote sensing approaches to provide you with new perspectives on large-area drought monitoring and early warning.

Drought Assessment

Drought Assessment
Author: R. Nagarajan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2010-09-08
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9048125006
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Information-based decision-making during drought, often brings out some of the excellent practices that are prevalent in society / individuals. This book is designed to provide information on the drought process, meteorological, hydrological, agriculture, socio-economic aspects and available technologies such as satellite remote sensing data analysis and Geographical Information system for assessment. Assessment procedures utilising the various parameters of importance from various sources for micro level management that would enhance the effectiveness of management practice are dealt in detail. Resource availability and affected group determine the relief assistance for the present event and information that would help them in their realisation and preparedness for the forthcoming years by select countries is highlighted. This would help in the formulation of schemes for event mitigation and area development plans. The readers would gain complete knowledge on drought. This book is expected to act as a guide in preparing people as effective natural resource utilizationist under drought situations.

Drought Mitigation and Management

Drought Mitigation and Management
Author: S. Kumar
Publisher: Scientific Publishers
Total Pages: 282
Release: 2017-10-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9387307425
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Drought is a natural hazard characterized by lower than expected or lower than normal rainfall having slow but widespread impact. This book focus on drought management and mitigation in agriculture and allied sectors. The chapters cover Basic concepts, assessment, monitoring, forecasting, early warning, vulnerability and adaptation to drought and mitigation and management strategies. Management of different land use systems under drought and finally socio economic impact and livelihood issues of drought are also focussed. It would be useful to a wide range of stakeholders, i.e. planners, researchers, students and interested public. This will also serve as text book as well as supplementary reading for courses in agronomy, ecology, geography and agro meteorology besides administration and disaster management units.

Deficit Irrigation Practices

Deficit Irrigation Practices
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2002
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9789251047682
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In the context of improving water productivity, there is a growing interest in deficit irrigation, an irrigation practice whereby water supply is reduced below maximum levels and mild stress is allowed with minimal effects on yield. Under conditions of scarce water supply and drought, deficit irrigation can lead to greater economic gains than maximizing yields per unit of water for a given crop; farmers are more inclined to use water more efficiently, and more water-efficient cash crop selection helps optimize returns. However, this approach requires precise knowledge of crop response to water as drought tolerance varies considerably by species, cultivar and stage of growth. The studies present the latest research concepts and involve various practices for deficit irrigation. Both annual and perennial crops were exposed to different levels of water stress, either during a particular growth phase, throughout the whole growing season or in a combination of growth stages. The overall finding, based on the synthesis of the different contributions, is that deficit or regulated-deficit irrigation can be beneficial where appropriately applied. Substantial savings of water can be achieved with little impact on the quality and quantity of the harvested yield. However, to be successful, an intimate knowledge of crop behavior is required, as crop response to water stress varies considerably.

Integrated Drought Management, Volume 2

Integrated Drought Management, Volume 2
Author: Vijay P. Singh
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 772
Release: 2023-09-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1000905683
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The second volume of this comprehensive global perspective on Integrated Drought Management is focused on drought modeling, meteorological prediction, and the use of remote sensing in assessing, analyzing, and monitoring drought. It discusses risk management, planning, policy, and societal impacts of drought such as water pricing, water transfer, water quality, and crop insurance. Through numerous case studies from India, Iran, Brazil, the US, Nepal, and other countries that cover a broad range of topics and geographical regions, this volume serves as a valuable resource for all professionals, researchers, and academics who want to advance their knowledge about droughts. Features Provides a global perspective on drought prediction and management and a synthesis of the recent state of knowledge. Covers a wide range of topics from essential concepts and advanced techniques for forecasting and modeling drought to societal impacts, consequences, and planning Presents numerous case studies with different management approaches from different regions and countries. Addresses how climate change impacts drought, the increasing challenges associated with managing drought, decision-making, and policy implications. Includes contributions from hundreds of experts from around the world. Professionals, researchers, academics, and postgraduate students with knowledge in environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, water resources engineering, and earth sciences, as well as those interested in how climate change impacts drought management, will gain new insights from the experts featured in this two-volume handbook.

Famine Early Warning Systems and Remote Sensing Data

Famine Early Warning Systems and Remote Sensing Data
Author: Molly E. Brown
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 315
Release: 2008-05-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3540753699
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This book describes the interdisciplinary work of USAID's Famine Early Warning System (FEWS NET) and its influence on methodological and development policies in the US. This book describes FEWS NET's systems, methods and presents several illustrative case studies that will demonstrate the integration of both physical and social science disciplines in its work. The aim of this book is to bring the work of USAID's Famine Early warning System Network into the public domain.

Drought and Drought Mitigation in Europe

Drought and Drought Mitigation in Europe
Author: Jürgen V. Vogt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 314
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401594724
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Drought is one of the major natural hazards, resulting in significant economic, social, and environmental costs. In Europe, water shortage is an important problem in many regions. However, despite the increasing awareness of this hazard, there is no European drought policy and institutional frameworks to cope with drought situations are only weakly developed. This book is dedicated to furthering our understanding of the drought problem in Europe and to discussing policy and management options to mitigate its impacts. It covers aspects from the detection of water stress to the planning of mitigation strategies. The contributions are written by recognised experts in their field and represent a unique collection of papers on the topic. Audience: The book will be of benefit to scientists, managers, and politicians involved in problems related to water management, risk assessment, and spatial planning. Students in Earth Sciences, especially in geography, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture, will find useful material in this collection of papers.