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COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction: Neuropsychiatric, psychological, and cognitive effects

COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction: Neuropsychiatric, psychological, and cognitive effects
Author: Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 121
Release: 2023-11-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 2832537499

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Olfactory dysfunction, also known as anosmia and hyposmia, is one of the most prevalent (80-90%) symptoms reported by patients with COVID-19. Outside the context of COVID-19, chemosensory dysfunction has been associated with decreased quality of life, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. In the setting of COVID-19, decreased sense of smell has been positively associated with mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. The short-term and long-term neuropsychiatric implications of the olfactory dysfunction related to COVID-19 are still largely unexplored. Investigation of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of olfactory dysfunction related to COVID-19 infection is particularly critical to characterize the pathological effects of COVID-19 on brain function and to develop strategies to improve patient’s quality of life and mental wellbeing. In this Research Topic, Frontiers aims to highlight studies that investigate the neuropsychiatric, psychological, and cognitive consequences of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction, present current advances in the field, and anticipate health care needs for the development of therapeutic interventions.


Navigating Smell and Taste Disorders

Navigating Smell and Taste Disorders
Author: Marjorie Calvert
Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2010-08-03
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 1935281526

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Demos Health and the American Academy of Neurology Present a New Book for Patients with Smell and Taste Disorders Over 200,000 people visit doctors each year for smell and taste problems. Since our ability to smell and taste decreases with age, up to 14 million Americans aged 55 and older may live with these disorders, undiagnosed. Smell and taste disorders affect a person's ability to enjoy food and drink and may result in decreased appetite, weight loss, and too much added sugar and salt in the diet. In severe cases they may lead to depression. Smell and taste problems can also interfere with personal safety, limiting the ability to notice smoke and potentially harmful chemicals and gases. Navigating Smell and Taste Disorders is a unique collaboration between a doctor and a food consultant that both addresses the subject of smell and taste loss and provides food preparation tips and a special recipe section that will appeal to other senses and make food attractive again. This is a must-have reference book for all those living with smell and taste disorders. The book covers the whole disorder including How smell and taste work Causes of smell and taste problems Treatments What you can expect when you visit a specialist Recipes that will appeal to other senses and make food attractive again First-person accounts of coping with this disorder Navigating Smell and Taste Disorders is the inaugural book in the series Neurology Now Books from the American Academy of Neurology. Inspired by Neurology Now, the AAN's leading neurologic patient information magazine, Neurology Now Books are written from a multidisciplinary approach, combining the expertise of a neurologist with other related experts and patients and caregivers. Each volume will provide the reader with the most up-to-date information, answers to questions and concerns, and first-person accounts of others who are living with a neurologic disorder.


Cognitive, Psychological, and Psychiatric Consequences of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in the Population of Older Persons with Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and/or Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Cognitive, Psychological, and Psychiatric Consequences of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in the Population of Older Persons with Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and/or Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Author: Gianfranco Spalletta
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 436
Release: 2021-12-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 288971828X

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Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Author: Valentin A. Pavlov
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2018-07-24
Genre:
ISBN: 2889455335

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The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal integrity and brain function. Recent studies have characterized neural pathways communicating peripheral inflammatory signals to the CNS, and brain- and spinal cord-derived circuitries controlling various innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. A prototypical neural reflex circuit that regulates immunity and inflammation is the vagus nerve-based “inflammatory reflex”. Ongoing research has revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these neural circuits and indicated new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological and bioelectronic modulation of neural circuitry has been successfully explored in preclinical settings of sepsis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-driven disorders, diabetes and other diseases. These studies paved the way to successful clinical trials with bioelectronic neuronal modulation in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dysregulated release of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules may have a severe impact on brain function. Brain inflammation (neuroinflammation), imbalances in brain neuronal integrity and neurotransmitter systems, and cognitive impairment are characteristic features of post-operative conditions, sepsis, liver diseases, diabetes and other disorders characterized by immune and metabolic dysregulation. Derangements in cytokine release also play a pivotal role in depression. Characteristic brain reactive antibodies in autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, significantly contribute to brain pathology and cognitive impairment. These studies, and the simultaneous characterization of neuro-protective cytokines, identified new therapeutic approaches for treating neurological complications in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This Frontiers Research Topic is a forum for publishing research findings and methodological and conceptual advances at the intersection of immunology and neuroscience. We hope that presenting new insight into bi-directional neuro-immune communication in inflammation and autoimmunity will foster further collaborations and facilitate the development of new efficient therapeutic strategies.


The Circadian Clock

The Circadian Clock
Author: Urs Albrecht
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 306
Release: 2010-01-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1441912622

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With the invitation to edit this volume, I wanted to take the opportunity to assemble reviews on different aspects of circadian clocks and rhythms. Although most c- tributions in this volume focus on mammalian circadian clocks, the historical int- duction and comparative clocks section illustrate the importance of various other organisms in deciphering the mechanisms and principles of circadian biology. Circadian rhythms have been studied for centuries, but only recently, a mole- lar understanding of this process has emerged. This has taken research on circadian clocks from mystic phenomenology to a mechanistic level; chains of molecular events can describe phenomena with remarkable accuracy. Nevertheless, current models of the functioning of circadian clocks are still rudimentary. This is not due to the faultiness of discovered mechanisms, but due to the lack of undiscovered processes involved in contributing to circadian rhythmicity. We know for example, that the general circadian mechanism is not regulated equally in all tissues of m- mals. Hence, a lot still needs to be discovered to get a full understanding of cir- dian rhythms at the systems level. In this respect, technology has advanced at high speed in the last years and provided us with data illustrating the sheer complexity of regulation of physiological processes in organisms. To handle this information, computer aided integration of the results is of utmost importance in order to d- cover novel concepts that ultimately need to be tested experimentally.


Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19

Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19
Author: Rajkumar Rajendram
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 632
Release: 2024-06-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323956513

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Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the impact of the virus and pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at those with pre-existing conditions, including dementia and multiple sclerosis, and how the pandemic has burdened them further. There is also discussion on the mental health consequences the pandemic has had and continues to have on the broad populace, including depression and anxiety, as well as neurological effects of the virus itself. Finally, managing care and treatment of conditions - those preceding, caused by, or emerging for the first time during the pandemic are also detailed. Discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the virus itself on behavior and psychology Examines comorbidities including Parkinson’s disease, neuroinflammation, and autism spectrum disorders Outlines the management and care for coexisting conditions including brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and ischemic stroke Features chapters on the severe damage to the nervous system which may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection including myelitis Contains chapters with key facts, dictionary of terms, summary points, applications to other areas pertinent to each chapter, and policies and procedures


Advances in Clinical Neuropsychology

Advances in Clinical Neuropsychology
Author: Gerald Goldstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 333
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1461322111

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This third volume of the Advances in Clinical Neuropsy chology series returns to the style of the first volume in that it contains contributions representing a diversity of areas. Within this diversity there are chapters covering specific disease entities of neuropsychological interest: cardiovascular diseases, Huntington's disease, head trauma in children, and hepatic encephalopathy. There are contributions in the area of neurobehavioral assessment; one involving the CT scan and the other the Luria-Ne braska Neuropsychologi cal Te st Ba ttery. Finally, there are several empirical reviews, including discussions of sex differences in brain function, the neuropsy chology of emotion, the relation between neuropsychological test results and patients' complaints of disability, and mechanisms of amnesia. Thus, this volume clearly continues the tradition established in previous volumes with regard to con~aining material that is both basic science and clinically oriented. The edi tors acknowledge the support of the Veterans Administration medical research program and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. We also appreciate the participation and effort of the chapter authors. And finally, we must again express our gratitude to Kathy Lou Edwards for her outstanding editorial, text compos iting, and administrative efforts. February:, 1986 Gerald Goldstein, Ph.D. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ralph E. Tarter, Ph.D.


Frailty in the Elderly

Frailty in the Elderly
Author: Sara Palermo
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2021-03-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1839682183

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The progressive growth in the number of older adults worldwide has led to a modification of the current healthcare scenario and a parallel increase in the use of public resources. In this book, we propose a conceptual framework within which aging, frailty, and care are analyzed through the lens of complexity medicine. Therefore, we present a multidimensional perspective that takes into account biomedical, (neuro)psychological, and socio-ecological vulnerability. The theses presented are the result of an inductive approach, based on many years of experience in the field, which has made it possible to identify strategies for frailty recognition and effective responses even in complicated clinical settings. The book is intended to be a tool of concrete and easy consultation, rich in reflections and suggestions.


Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications

Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications
Author: R. C. Sobti
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 496
Release: 2021-11-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9811651051

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This book discusses the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19. The initial chapters of the book review the origin and evolution of the coronaviruses, followed by pathogenesis and immune response during COVID-19 infection. The book also provides insight into the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis. It summarizes the neurological aspects of SARS-CoV2, including transmission pathways, mechanisms of invasion into the nervous system, and mechanisms of neurological disease. It also delineates the association of severe disease with high blood plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lastly, it discusses the perturbation of gut microbiota by SARS-CoV-2 and uncovers the potential risk of virus infection on reproductive health.


The Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology

The Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology
Author: Alan Carr
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 1597
Release: 2016-03-31
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317576136

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The second edition of the Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology: An Evidence Based Practice Approach like its predecessor provides clinical psychologists in training with a comprehensive practice handbook to help build the skills necessary to complete a clinical placement in the field of adult mental health. While practical in orientation, the book is based solidly on empirical evidence.Building on the success of the previous edition this handbook has been extensively revised in a number of ways. Throughout the book, the text, references, and website addresses and have been updated to reflect important developments since the publication the first edition. Recent research findings on the epidemiology, aetiology, course, outcome, assessment and treatment of all psychological problems considered in this volume have been incorporated into the text. Account has been taken of changes in the diagnosis and classification of psychological problems reflected in the DSM-5. Chapters on ADHD in adults, emotion focused therapy, radically open dialectical behaviour therapy, and schema therapy have been added. The book is divided into 6 sections: Section 1 covers conceptual frameworks for practice (lifespan development; classification and epidemiology; CBT, psychodynamic, emotion focused, systemic and bio-medical models; and general assessment procedures) Section 2 deals with mood problems (depression, bipolar disorder, suicide risk, and anger management) Section 3 focuses on anxiety problems (social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and depersonalization disorder) Section 4 deals with psychological problems linked to physical health (health anxiety, somatization, chronic pain, adjustment to cancer, and eating disorders) Section 5 focuses on other significant psychological problems that come to the attention of clinical psychologist in adult mental health services (ADHD in adults, alcohol and other drug problems, psychosis, and psychological problems in older adults) Section 6 contains chapters on therapeutic approaches to psychological distress related to complex childhood trauma (dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder, racially open dialectical behaviour for over-controlled presentations, and schema therapy). Each of the chapters on clinical problems explains how to assess and treat the condition in an evidence-based way with reference to case material. Interventions from cognitive-behavioural, psychodynamic, interpersonal/systemic and biomedical approaches are described, where there is evidence that they are effective for the problem in question. Skill building exercises and further reading for psychologists and patients are included at the end of each chapter. This book is one of a set of three volumes which cover the lion’s share of the curriculum for clinical psychologists in training in the UK and Ireland. The other two volumes are the Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, Third Edition (by Alan Carr) and the Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice, Second Edition edited by Alan Carr, Christine Linehan, Gary O’Reilly, Patricia Noonan Walsh, & John McEvoy).