Covariate Shocks and Child Undernutrition
Author | : Zelalem Yilma Debebe |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Zelalem Yilma Debebe |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Haile, Beliyou |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 43 |
Release | : 2021-11-24 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Despite progresses made over the last several decades, the prevalence of child malnutrition re-mains alarmingly high. About 149 million children under the age of five years old were stunted (too short for their age) in 2018, of which 55% and 39% lived in Asia and Africa, respectively. Malnourished children, especially stunted ones, may never achieve their full cognitive and non-cognitive potential with implications for their educational and labor market performance among other things. Malnutrition results from several interlinked factors operating at child, parental, household, and landscape level such as inadequate maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy and at the time of lactation, suboptimal breastfeeding practices, lack of nutritious complementary foods, and unhealthy living environments. This study analyzes the correlates of child undernutrition in rural Africa South of the Sahara (SSA) – a region with the least progress in tackling undernutrition.
Author | : Headey, Derek D. |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 37 |
Release | : |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
In developing countries macroeconomic volatility is common, and severe negative economic shocks can substantially increase poverty and food insecurity. Less well understood are the implications of these contractions for child acute malnutrition (wasting), a major risk factor for under-5 mortality. This study explores the nutritional impacts of growth shocks over 1990-2018 by linking wasting outcomes collected for 1.256 million children from 52 countries to lagged annual changes in national income. Difference-in-difference estimates suggest that a 10% annual decline in national income increases moderate/severe (WHZ<-2) and severe wasting (WHZ<-3) by 14 and 22 percent. An exploration of possible mechanisms suggests negative economic shocks increase risks of diarrhea, fever, and maternal underweight prevalence, and reduce child dietary diversity. Applying these results to the predicted economic impacts of COVID-19 suggests that millions of pre-school children are at increased risk of wasting and wasting-related morbidity and mortality unless urgent preventative action is taken.
Author | : Kenneth Harttgen |
Publisher | : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften |
Total Pages | : 210 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Poverty and inequality persist in many dimensions in the developing world. In order to understand the determinants of poverty and its distribution between and within countries, it is necessary to know its dimensions and the channels through which poverty and inequality affect human well-being. This book analyzes the spatial disparities of the outcomes and determinants of poverty, the interdependencies of dimensions of poverty, the distribution of progress in human development over the population and the dynamics of poverty risk over time. The study takes into account the global spread of poverty. Based on cross-country comparisons of countries from Africa, Latin America, and South Asia, this study does not only consider on average outcomes and determinants of different indicators of human well-being, but also examines their distribution between and within countries.
Author | : Rodrigo Martínez |
Publisher | : UN |
Total Pages | : 122 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9789211216677 |
The publication presents the model of analysis developed, which includes first theoretical framework describing the main causes of under-nutrition, the corresponding specific variables and interrelationships, and the consequences that arise from this scourge. It also presents the methodology proposed for estimating the effects and associated costs based on data currently available in the countries of the region.
Author | : Derek Headey |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Amare, Mulubrhan |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 23 |
Release | : 2020-05-27 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
This study examines the effect of agricultural productivity change on child nutritional outcomes in Nigeria. Using several waves of micro-level panel data from Nigeria, we first show that high temperature (heat stress) reduces agricultural productivity change. A one percent increase in high temperatures during the crop growth period result in a 4 percent decrease in agricultural productivity. More importantly, our analysis provides several important insights on the implications of agricultural productivity change for reducing child undernutrition. The results show that agricultural productivity growth has a positive effect on child nutritional outcomes, measured by child height-for-age and weight-for-age. The main channel through which agricultural productivity growth affects child nutritional outcomes is by increasing food production for own household consumption. This suggests that productivity-enhancing investments in the agricultural sector could have a direct impact on child nutritional outcomes among smallholder households in Nigeria. The results also show that agricultural productivity change has higher impact for households who have better access to markets and a higher educational level. Interventions and policies geared towards intensification of agricultural production need to be complemented with strategies for widening educational programs and improving farmers’ access to markets. to induce incentives for increased production.
Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
Total Pages | : 182 |
Release | : 2021-11-23 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9251343292 |
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerability of agrifood systems to shocks and stresses and led to increased global food insecurity and malnutrition. Action is needed to make agrifood systems more resilient, efficient, sustainable and inclusive. The State of Food and Agriculture 2021 presents country-level indicators of the resilience of agrifood systems. The indicators measure the robustness of primary production and food availability, as well as physical and economic access to food. They can thus help assess the capacity of national agrifood systems to absorb shocks and stresses, a key aspect of resilience. The report analyses the vulnerabilities of food supply chains and how rural households cope with risks and shocks. It discusses options to minimize trade-offs that building resilience may have with efficiency and inclusivity. The aim is to offer guidance on policies to enhance food supply chain resilience, support livelihoods in the agrifood system and, in the face of disruption, ensure sustainable access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to all.
Author | : Farhan Saeed |
Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
Total Pages | : 232 |
Release | : 2023-05-31 |
Genre | : Health & Fitness |
ISBN | : 1803556331 |
Malnutrition is the specific condition produced by the intake of too few macronutrients, too many macronutrients (obesity), or inordinate amounts of inappropriate substances such as alcohol. Globally, malnutrition is a major nutritional disorder, especially in developing economies. Poor dietary habits and imbalanced nutrient intake result in adverse consequences on normal body functionality. This book highlights the major causes of malnutrition and how to overcome this problem. Chapters address such topics as energy metabolism and balance, diagnosis of malnutrition, negative effects of malnutrition, sugar and its impact on health, malnutrition in the elderly and children, and much more.
Author | : Harold Alderman |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 208 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 0821386786 |
"Education is often seen as a fundamental means to improve economic prospects for individuals from low income settings. However, even with increased emphasis on basic education for all, many individuals fail to achieve basic skills to succeed in life. The book presents evidence that one core reason is that by the time a child is old enough to attend school, there is already a wide disparity in cognitive skills and in emotional and behavioral development among children from households of different socioeconomic backgrounds. Low levels of cognitive development in early childhood strongly correlate with low socio-economic status (as measured by wealth and parental education) as well as malnutrition. These disadvantages are often exacerbated by economic crises. Fortunately, however, as documented in this volume, there are programs that have proven effective in promoting a child's development through caregiver-child interaction and stimulation, and with well designed preschool programs. While preschool programs currently cover a modest share of low income children, expansion of such services to at risk populations is a cost-effective means of improving overall educational achievement. Thus, focused preschool programs can serve as a key investment in a strategy to reduce the transmission of poverty from poor parents to their children."