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Should Unconventional Monetary Policies Become Conventional?

Should Unconventional Monetary Policies Become Conventional?
Author: Mr.Dominic Quint
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2017-03-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475591330

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The large recession that followed the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09 triggered unprecedented monetary policy easing around the world. Most central banks in advanced economies deployed new instruments to affect credit conditions and to provide liquidity at a large scale after shortterm policy rates reached their effective lower bound. In this paper, we study if this new set of tools, commonly labeled as unconventional monetary policies (UMP), should still be used when economic conditions and interest rates normalize. In particular, we study the optimality of asset purchase programs by using an estimated non-linear DSGE model with a banking sector and long-term private and public debt for the United States. We find that the benefits of using such UMP in normal times are substantial, equivalent to 1.45 percent of consumption. However, the benefits from using UMP are shock-dependent and mostly arise when the economy is hit by financial shocks. When more traditional business cycle shocks (such as supply and demand shocks) hit the economy, the benefits of using UMP are negligible or zero.


Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability

Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability
Author: Alexis Stenfors
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2020-07-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0429629613

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Since the financial crisis of 2008-09, central bankers around the world have been forced to abandon conventional monetary policy tools in favour of unconventional policies such as quantitative easing, forward guidance, lowering the interest rate paid on bank reserves into negative territory, and pushing up prices of government bonds. Having faced a crisis in its banking sector nearly a decade earlier, Japan was a pioneer in the use of many of these tools. Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability critically assesses the measures used by Japan and examines what they have meant for the theory and practice of economic policy. The book shows how in practice unconventional monetary policy has worked through its impact on the financial markets. The text aims to generate an understanding of why such measures were introduced and how the Japanese system has subsequently changed regarding aspects such as governance and corporate balance sheets. It provides a comprehensive study of developments in Japanese money markets with the intent to understand the impact of policy on the debt structures that appear to have caused Japan’s deflation. The topics covered range from central bank communication and policymaking to international financial markets and bank balance sheets. This text is of great interest to students and scholars of banking, international finance, financial markets, political economy, and the Japanese economy.


Introduction to Central Banking

Introduction to Central Banking
Author: Ulrich Bindseil
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 128
Release: 2021-05-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3030708845

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This open access book gives a concise introduction to the practical implementation of monetary policy by modern central banks. It describes the conventional instruments used in advanced economies and the unconventional instruments that have been widely adopted since the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Illuminating the role of central banks in ensuring financial stability and as last resort lenders, it also offers an overview of the international monetary framework. A flow-of-funds framework is used throughout to capture this essential dimension in a consistent and unifying manner, providing a unique and accessible resource on central banking and monetary policy, and its integration with financial stability. Addressed to professionals as well as bachelors and masters students of economics, this book is suitable for a course on economic policy. Useful prerequisites include at least a general idea of the economic institutions of an economy, and knowledge of macroeconomics and monetary economics, but readers need not be familiar with any specific macroeconomic models.


The Effects of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy on Exchange Rates

The Effects of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy on Exchange Rates
Author: Atsushi Inoue
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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What are the effects of monetary policy on exchange rates? And have unconventional monetary policies changed the way monetary policy is transmitted to international financial markets? According to conventional wisdom, expansionary monetary policy shocks in a country lead to that country's currency depreciation. We revisit the conventional wisdom during both conventional and unconventional monetary policy periods in the US by using a novel identification procedure that defines monetary policy shocks as changes in the whole yield curve due to unanticipated monetary policy moves and allows monetary policy shocks to differ depending on how they affect agents' expectations about the future path of interest rates as well as their perceived effects on the riskiness/uncertainty in the economy. Our empirical results show that: (i) a monetary policy easing leads to a depreciation of the country's spot nominal exchange rate in both conventional and unconventional periods; (ii) however, there is substantial heterogeneity in monetary policy shocks over time and their effects depend on the way they affect agents' expectations; (iii) we find favorable evidence to Dornbusch's (1976) overshooting hypothesis.


From Conventional to Unconventional Monetary Policies

From Conventional to Unconventional Monetary Policies
Author: Gabriel Giménez Roche
Publisher:
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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The increasing importance of commercial banks' noninterest-earning activities rendered conventional monetary policy relatively obsolete in the contemporary economy. It has been a long time since commercial banking was limited to bank lending activities. Indeed, it is now present in practically all segments of the financial markets. Although this opened new outlets to improve performance, it also exposed commercial banking to greater volatility. In order to meet their stability goals, central banks around the world have now to intervene in all those markets where commercial banking has extended its activities. This effectively changed central banking from having a lender-of-last-resort role to that of a market-maker-of-last-resort. This paper provides a survey of contemporary practices in central banking, and exposes the consequences of so-called unconventional monetary policy to the world economy. The main point here is that the emergence of the market-maker-of-last-resort role actually makes the economy weaker instead of strengthening it.


The Effect of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy Rules on Inflation Expectations

The Effect of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy Rules on Inflation Expectations
Author: Roger E. A. Farmer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre: Economics
ISBN:

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This paper has three parts. Part 1 constructs a classical economic model of inflation, augmented by a complete set of financial markets; I call this the core monetary model. Part 2 develops a series of calibrated examples to illustrate how the core monetary model explains the history of inflation after WWII and Part 3 provides evidence to show that the unconventional monetary policy, followed in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, was effective in stabilizing inflation expectations. The core monetary model provides a unified framework to explain how an interest rule can be used to control inflation in normal times, and to explain the purpose of unconventional monetary policy when policy attains the zero lower bound. I argue that management of the variation in the composition of the Fed's balance sheet, is an important tool in a central bank's arsenal that can be used to help prevent deflation in the wake of a financial crisis.