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Formal Synthesis of Safety Controller Code for Distributed Controllers

Formal Synthesis of Safety Controller Code for Distributed Controllers
Author: Dirk Missal
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Total Pages: 161
Release: 2012
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3832531475
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Modern control systems in manufacturing are characterized by rising complexity in size and functionality. They are highly decentralized and constitute a network of physically and functionally distributed controllers collaborating to perform the control tasks. That goes along with a further growing demand on safety and reliability. A distributed control architecture supporting functional decomposition of large systems as well as accommodating flexibility of modular systems is defined. This work describes the formal synthesis of distributed control functions for the sub area of safety requirements. The formal synthesis is applied to avoid the potentially faulty influence of human work through the whole process from the formal specification to the executable control function. Starting points are a formal model of the uncontrolled plant behavior and a formal specification of forbidden behavior. The formulation of the specification and the modeling is exemplified on a manufacturing system in lab-scale. The introduced synthesis methods produce controller models describing the correct control actions to achieve the given specification. The methods use symbolic backward search from a forbidden state to determine the last admissible state before entering an uncontrollable trajectory to a forbidden state. Hence, the determination of the reachable state space is avoided to reduce the computational complexity. The use of partial markings leads to a further reduction. The complexity is an important obstacle for the use of formal methods on real-scale applications. The monolithic synthesis approach is proven to result in maximally permissive results. The modular approach is not maximally permissive but the more efficient way to distributed control functions. The implementation of the generated controller model as executable Function Blocks according to IEC61499 is addressed in the last part of this work. The distributed control predicates are embedded as structured text instruction into different interacting Function Block types according to the distributed control structure. This last step finalizes the sequence from a formal model and the specification to fully automatically-generated executable control code.

Math, Programming, and Controllers

Math, Programming, and Controllers
Author: Ian Chow-Miller
Publisher: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
Total Pages: 130
Release: 2016-12-15
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 150261944X
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Some robots perform autonomously, and some are controlled remotely. This book discusses the different ways you can send signals to your robot and how to set up circuit boards. There are also examples of the ways geometry, algebra, and trigonometry are used to program a robot to follow a designated path.

Applications of Nonlinear Programming to Optimization and Control

Applications of Nonlinear Programming to Optimization and Control
Author: H. E. Rauch
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 156
Release: 2014-05-23
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1483148394
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Applications of Nonlinear Programming to Optimization and Control is a collection of papers presented at the Fourth International Federation of Automatic Control Workshop by the same title, held in San Francisco, California on June 20-21, 1983. This workshop aims to exchange information on the applications of optimization and nonlinear programming techniques to real-life control problems, to investigate ideas that arise from these exchanges, and to look for advances in nonlinear programming that are useful in solving control problems. This book is divided into 16 chapters. It covers a wide range of related topics, starting with computer-aided-design of practical control systems, continuing through advanced work on quasi-Newton methods and gradient restoration algorithms. Other chapters provide specific examples, which apply these methods to representative problems. The remaining chapters present examples, including trajectory optimization, optimal design of a structure for a satellite, identification of hovercraft characteristics, determination of optimal electricity generation, and optimal automatic transmission for road vehicles. This book is of value to computer scientists and mathematicians.

Controller's Code

Controller's Code
Author: Michael Whitmire
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020-04-29
Genre:
ISBN: 9780578653372
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Controllers in the 21st Century need to master more than the technical accounting skills to become the strategic leaders their companies need. You need to be an effective leader and manager. You need to explain the debits and credits at a high level to the CFO while keeping one hand in the weeds. You have to anticipate the risks your company faces in an increasingly complex, competitive, and regulatory landscape. And you have to be an expert in ever-changing technology.But how do you learn all these parts of your job? These skills aren't taught alongside the debits and credits in school.In Controller's Code, Mike Whitmire gives you the inside scoop on the skills you need to have a stellar career in the controller's seat. You'll get real-world guidance from finance pros at leading companies so you can write your own success story and play a bigger role at your company.

Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers
Author: Dag H. Hanssen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2015-09-18
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1118949234
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Widely used across industrial and manufacturing automation, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) perform a broad range of electromechanical tasks with multiple input and output arrangements, designed specifically to cope in severe environmental conditions such as automotive and chemical plants. Programmable Logic Controllers: A Practical Approach using CoDeSys is a hands-on guide to rapidly gain proficiency in the development and operation of PLCs based on the IEC 61131-3 standard. Using the freely-available* software tool CoDeSys, which is widely used in industrial design automation projects, the author takes a highly practical approach to PLC design using real-world examples. The design tool, CoDeSys, also features a built in simulator/soft PLC enabling the reader to undertake exercises and test the examples. Key features: Introduces to programming techniques using IEC 61131-3 guidelines in the five PLC-recognised programming languages. Focuses on a methodical approach to programming, based on Boolean algebra, flowcharts, sequence diagrams and state-diagrams. Contains a useful methodology to solve problems, develop a structured code and document the programming code. Covers I/O like typical sensors, signals, signal formats, noise and cabling. Features Power Point slides covering all topics, example programs and solutions to end-of-chapter exercises via companion website. No prior knowledge of programming PLCs is assumed making this text ideally suited to electronics engineering students pursuing a career in electronic design automation. Experienced PLC users in all fields of manufacturing will discover new possibilities and gain useful tips for more efficient and structured programming. * Register at www.codesys.com www.wiley.com/go/hanssen/logiccontrollers

Programming Robot Controllers

Programming Robot Controllers
Author: Myke Predko
Publisher: McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics
Total Pages: 474
Release: 2003
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780071408516
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* Details the PICmicro microcontroller * Covers designing the robot system, software development, and advanced programming * Explains microcontroller connections

Game Programming in C++

Game Programming in C++
Author: Sanjay Madhav
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
Total Pages: 1268
Release: 2018-03-06
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0134597311
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Program 3D Games in C++: The #1 Language at Top Game Studios Worldwide C++ remains the key language at many leading game development studios. Since it’s used throughout their enormous code bases, studios use it to maintain and improve their games, and look for it constantly when hiring new developers. Game Programming in C++ is a practical, hands-on approach to programming 3D video games in C++. Modeled on Sanjay Madhav’s game programming courses at USC, it’s fun, easy, practical, hands-on, and complete. Step by step, you’ll learn to use C++ in all facets of real-world game programming, including 2D and 3D graphics, physics, AI, audio, user interfaces, and much more. You’ll hone real-world skills through practical exercises, and deepen your expertise through start-to-finish projects that grow in complexity as you build your skills. Throughout, Madhav pays special attention to demystifying the math that all professional game developers need to know. Set up your C++ development tools quickly, and get started Implement basic 2D graphics, game updates, vectors, and game physics Build more intelligent games with widely used AI algorithms Implement 3D graphics with OpenGL, shaders, matrices, and transformations Integrate and mix audio, including 3D positional audio Detect collisions of objects in a 3D environment Efficiently respond to player input Build user interfaces, including Head-Up Displays (HUDs) Improve graphics quality with anisotropic filtering and deferred shading Load and save levels and binary game data Whether you’re a working developer or a student with prior knowledge of C++ and data structures, Game Programming in C++ will prepare you to solve real problems with C++ in roles throughout the game development lifecycle. You’ll master the language that top studios are hiring for—and that’s a proven route to success.

Programmable Controllers

Programmable Controllers
Author: E. A. Parr
Publisher: Newnes
Total Pages: 443
Release: 2003-08-12
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0080539904
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Andrew Parr's Programmable Controllers provides a thoroughly practical introduction to the use of PLCs in industry, covering programming techniques alongside systems-level design issues. In the third edition a masterclass series of real-world case studies have been added to illustrate typical engineering challenges - and model solutions. New material also includes the new IEC-61508 functional safety standard, use of Windows-based software on programming terminals, an expanded section on Scada, and extended coverage of networks and fieldbus. Andrew Parr works at ASW Sheerness Steel where the plant control is based on approximately sixty programmable controllers. The practical guide to PLC applications for engineers and technicians Systems-level design and control covered alongside programming techniques Coverage matched to introductory college programs

Automation with Programmable Logic Controllers

Automation with Programmable Logic Controllers
Author: Peter Rohner
Publisher: UNSW Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 1996
Genre: Programmable Controllers
ISBN: 9780868402871
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Facilitates a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles and elements of automated machine control systems. Describes mechatronic concepts, but highlights PLC machine control and interfacing with the machine's actuators and peripheral equipment. Explains methodical design of PLC control circuits and programming, and presents solved, typical industrial case problems, shows how a modern PLC control system is designed, structured, compiled and commissioned. Distributed by ISBS. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers
Author: William Bolton
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2011-04-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0080462952
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This is the introduction to PLCs for which baffled students, technicians and managers have been waiting. In this straightforward, easy-to-read guide, Bill Bolton has kept the jargon to a minimum, considered all the programming methods in the standard IEC 1131-3 - in particular ladder programming, and presented the subject in a way that is not device specific to ensure maximum applicability to courses in electronics and control systems. Now in its fourth edition, this best-selling text has been expanded with increased coverage of industrial systems and PLCs and more consideration has been given to IEC 1131-3 and all the programming methods in the standard. The new edition brings the book fully up to date with the current developments in PLCs, describing new and important applications such as PLC use in communications (e.g. Ethernet – an extremely popular system), and safety – in particular proprietary emergency stop relays (now appearing in practically every PLC based system). The coverage of commonly used PLCs has been increased, including the ever popular Allen Bradley PLCs, making this book an essential source of information both for professionals wishing to update their knowledge, as well as students who require a straight forward introduction to this area of control engineering. Having read this book, readers will be able to: * Identify the main design characteristics and internal architecture of PLCs * Describe and identify the characteristics of commonly used input and output devices * Explain the processing of inputs and outputs of PLCs * Describe communication links involved with control systems * Develop ladder programs for the logic functions AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOT and XOR * Develop functional block, instruction list, structured text and sequential function chart programs * Develop programs using internal relays, timers, counters, shift registers, sequencers and data handling * Identify safety issues with PLC systems * Identify methods used for fault diagnosis, testing and debugging programs Fully matched to the requirements of BTEC Higher Nationals, students are able to check their learning and understanding as they work through the text using the Problems section at the end of each chapter. Complete answers are provided in the back of the book. * Thoroughly practical introduction to PLC use and application - not device specific, ensuring relevance to a wide range of courses * New edition expanded with increased coverage of IEC 1131-3, industrial control scenarios and communications - an important aspect of PLC use * Problems included at the end of each chapter, with a complete set of answers given at the back of the book