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| Author | : Sylvia R. Nicovich |
| Publisher | : Geological Society of America |
| Total Pages | : 59 |
| Release | : 2023-10-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0813725615 |
| Author | : Adrian M. Harvey |
| Publisher | : Geological Society of London |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781862391895 |
Alluvial fans are important sedimentary environments. They trap sediment delivered from mountain source areas, and exert an important control on the delivery of sediment to downstream environments, to axial drainages and to sedimentary basins. They preserve a sensitive record of environmental change within the mountain source areas. Alluvial fan geomorphology and sedimentology reflect not only drainage basin size and geology, but change in response to tectonic, climatic and base-level controls. One of the challenges facing alluvial fan research is to resolve how these gross controls are reflected in alluvial fan dynamics and to apply the results of studies of modern fan processes and Quaternary fans to the understanding of sedimentary sequences in the rock record. This volume includes papers based on up-to-date research, and focuses on three themes: alluvial fan processes, dynamics of Quaternary alluvial fans and fan sedimentary sequences. Linking the papers is an emphasis on the controls of fan geomorphology, sedimentology and dynamics. This provides a basis for integration between geomorphological and sedimentological approaches, and an understanding how fluvial systems respond to tectonic, climatic and base-level changes.
| Author | : Matthias Jakob |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 645 |
| Release | : 2024 |
| Genre | : Debris avalanches |
| ISBN | : 3031486919 |
Zusammenfassung: This book provides a summary of the state of the art of all facets of debris-flow science and practice and is designed to be a comprehensive technical reference for practitioners and a state-of-the-art research overview for scientists. It is richly illustrated with equations, graphs, photos, and tables. The book allows students, practitioners, and regulators to get a sense of the current state of the art in this science. Currently, there are 2 to 3 papers published every week on some aspects of debris-flow science. This creates a bewildering amount of literature that cannot be captured by a single individual. This book provides a comprehensive overview of all facets to date, including initial hazard assessments, detailed quantitative risk assessments, debris-flow warning systems, debris-flow mitigation structure designs, and failures of mitigation works, as well as new topics such as climate change effects on debris flows
| Author | : Dan Bowman |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 151 |
| Release | : 2018-11-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9402415580 |
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the alluvial fan phenomena, including all terminology, morphology, sedimentology, controlling factors, processes and the human impact. It combines the knowledge dispersed widely in existing literature with regional case studies, color figures and photographs. The chapters provide a useful basis to understand alluvial fans and a selection of papers attached to each chapter offers additional, more focused reading. This volume is aimed at engineers, planners and especially students in earth sciences.
| Author | : Tor Helge Nilsen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 112 |
| Release | : 1984 |
| Genre | : Alluvial fans |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Cal R. Scheinert |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 107 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Alluvial fans |
| ISBN | : |
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a surveying technique used to gather dense point cloud data that can be converted to high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM). TLS techniques are employed in the current study to monitor changes to a debris flow fan following five separate debris flows over twenty-five months (May 2009 to July 2011). This thesis represents a combination of two peer-reviewed journal articles. The first focuses on a new critical review of the six predominant themes dominating the last 40 years of alluvial fan dynamism studies. The themes include the development of conceptual models, field experiments, physical models, numerical models, high-resolution morphometric analyses, and climate change scenarios. Each theme is presented independently, but as highlighted in the concluding statements, there should be greater efforts placed on integrating scientists from these disparate approaches to provide greater understanding of alluvial fan evolution. A case study is also presented in support of the review and contains pilot results from the first debris flow recorded for this study at the Colorado Natural Debris Flow Laboratory near Buena Vista, CO, USA. The second chapter examines the spatial and temporal changes of 5 different debris flows and two surfaces that represent conditions prior to each debris flow season. What makes this study unique is the monitoring of debris flow fan evolution on an event-to-event basis. Repeat high-resolution DEM data are exploited to assess the 2D and 3D changes on the alluvial fan surface. The findings show significant deposition from all of the debris flows, with the adjacent trunk stream (Chalk Creek) at the fan toe being dammed by each flow. Debris flow erosion was constricted to the main channel, often near the alluvial fan apex. The alluvial fan toe experienced significant erosion during flooding and channel migration of Chalk Creek. Surface roughness was variable over the short period of this investigation. Surface roughness decreased until the last two debris flows, where surface roughness increased substantially. Evidence for a "high-low effect" was also identified over the monitoring period. Repeat TLS surveying provides important insights into the morphometric and sediment transport related to debris flow fan evolution.
| Author | : Andrzej Rachocki |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 184 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Jonathan Teboul |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2023 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Alluvial fan morphology is often influenced by channelization of fluvial flow and episodic instances of avulsion (channel rerouting). Under certain conditions and in response to dramatic shifts (i.e., significant vegetation loss) or significant weather activity (i.e., intense rainfall or snowmelt) in the upstream environment, debris flows can manifest and have devastating impacts on downstream environments and communities. During their transport downstream through meandering distributary channels, debris flows can incise into the channel bed and laterally into channel banks. Debris flows can also rise and overtop the banks of their confining channels. These overtopping events are especially prevalent along channel bends where increases in centrifugal forces influence manifestations in debris-flow superelevation. This study investigates the parameter of channel bend curvature for debris-flow-driven avulsion using a debris-flow flume housed in the ECU Geomorphic Modeling Laboratory and series of 3D-printed rectangular channels of differing sinuosity imprinted in a simulated alluvial plain. The results of this experiment suggest variability in channel curvature (sinuosity) influences variability in manifestations of debris-flow runout and inundation behaviors, including debris-flow avulsion location, volumes and distances of debris-flow runout, and channel bend and alluvial plain inundation. Specifically, greater volumes and surface area coverages of debris-flow runout are suggested to result from avulsions from sharper curves as opposed to wider curves. Zones of likelihood of inundation that incorporate these findings are presented for areas of intersect between debris flows and channel outer bend crests on the debris-flow flume. Sharper curves are also suggested to influence greater frequency of avulsion. Lastly, this study demonstrates the potential for debris-flow avulsions to occur in channels free of debris pileup and as direct results of flow superelevation.
| Author | : George Bradley Wolbert |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 264 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Kailey Adams |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 62 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Decades of historic levels of urbanization and expansion of the built environment on to existing alluvial fans at the periphery of most cities has placed humans at risk of floods and debris-flows that are formative processes on alluvial fans. Understanding the evolution of these features is to understand risks to human lives and infrastructure in these locations. Therefore, there is a need to explore the myriad of factors affecting alluvial fan evolution. Here, physical modeling is used to explore the effect of limited longitudinal accommodation space on autogenically derived debris-flow fan evolution. Physical modeling has furthered our understanding of the formative processes of alluvial fans, in part, by allowing for the isolated control of any number of variables. Operating in a laboratory setting also allows researchers to overcome potential challenges posed by field work (site remoteness, hazardous environments, unpredictability of phenomena, etc.) while creating an environment for manageable data collection. Prior alluvial fan physical modeling has largely focused on fluvially generated fans rather than those dominated by debris flow deposition. Moreover, the studies that have considered the latter have only done so under the assumption of unlimited accommodation space (the area in which fans can prograde); an assumption that is frequently not representative of natural conditions. Here, two debris-flow fans are generated using a small-scale physical model in order to explore the influence of limited longitudinal accommodation space on autogenic avulsion patterns. Fan-toe erosion is simulated through the repeated removal of debris-flow material at a fixed distance from the fan apex. Aided by high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data, geomorphic change detection and topographic profiles are used to examine differences in fan evolution. Results from small-scale physical modeling experiments show that cycles of channelization, the formation and persistence of a stabilized channel, channel narrowing and overflow, and avulsion result in the formation of new fan segments on a debris-flow fan with limited accommodation space. These results provide evidence for an explanation of debris-flow fan evolution alternative to the most widely accepted theory which can be summarized as cycles of channelization, backfilling, and avulsion. Furthermore, these results are informed and supported by field observations of a debris-flow fan located in Chalk Cliffs near Nathrop, Coloradao, USA where the fan-toe is periodically eroded by Chalk Creek.
