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Constraint-based Local Search

Constraint-based Local Search
Author: Pascal Van Hentenryck
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Total Pages: 456
Release: 2005
Genre: Computers
ISBN:
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The ubiquity of combinatorial optimization problems in our society is illustrated by the novel application areas for optimization technology, which range from supply chain management to sports tournament scheduling. Over the last two decades, constraint programming has emerged as a fundamental methodology to solve a variety of combinatorial problems, and rich constraint programming languages have been developed for expressing and combining constraints and specifying search procedures at a high level of abstraction. Local search approaches to combinatorial optimization are able to isolate optimal or near-optimal solutions within reasonable time constraints. This book introduces a method for solving combinatorial optimization problems that combines constraint programming and local search, using constraints to describe and control local search, and a programming language, COMET, that supports both modeling and search abstractions in the spirit of constraint programming. After an overview of local search including neighborhoods, heuristics, and metaheuristics, the book presents the architecture and modeling and search components of constraint-based local search and describes how constraint-based local search is supported in COMET. The book describes a variety of applications, arranged by meta-heuristics. It presents scheduling applications, along with the background necessary to understand these challenging problems. The book also includes a number of satisfiability problems, illustrating the ability of constraint-based local search approaches to cope with both satisfiability and optimization problems in a uniform fashion.

Extracting and Exploiting Interaction Information in Constraint-based Local Search

Extracting and Exploiting Interaction Information in Constraint-based Local Search
Author: Alastair Neil Andrew
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:
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Local Search is a simple and effective approach for solving complex constrained combinatorial problems. To maximise performance, Local Search can utilise problem-specific information and be hybridised with other algorithms in an often intricate fashion. This results in algorithms that are tightly coupled to a single problem and difficult to characterise; experience gained whilst solving one problem may not be applicable in another. Even if it is, the translation can be a non-trivial task offering little opportunity for code reuse. Constraint Programming (CP) and Linear Programming (LP) can be applied to many of the same combinatorial problems as Local Search but do not exhibit these restrictions. They use a different paradigm; one where a problem is captured as a general model and then solved by a independent solver. Improvements to the underlying solver can be harnessed by any model. The CP community show signs of moving Local Search in this direction; Constraint-Based Local Search (CBLS) strives to achieve the CP ideal of "Model + Search". CBLS provides access to the performance benefits of Local Search without paying the price of being specific to a single problem. This thesis explores whether information to improve the performance of CBLS can be automatically extracted and exploited without compromising the independence of the search and model. To achieve these goals, we have created a framework built upon the CBLS language COMET. This framework primarily focusses on the interface between two core components: the constraint model, and the search neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods define the behaviour of a Local Search and how it can traverse the search space. By separating the neighbourhoods from the model, we are able to create an independent analysis component. The first aspect of our work is to uncover information about the interactions between the constraint model and the search neighbourhoods. The second goal is to look at how information about the behaviour of neighbourhoods - with respect to a set of constraints - can be used within the search process. In particular, we concentrate on enhancing a form of Local Search called Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) allowing it to make dynamic decisions based upon the current search state. The resulting system retains the domain independence of model-based solution technologies whilst being able to configure itself automatically to a given problem. This reduces the level of expertise required to adopt CBLS and provides users with another potential tool for tackling their constraint problems.

Constraint-Based Agents

Constraint-Based Agents
Author: Alexander Nareyek
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 187
Release: 2003-06-29
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540457461
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Autonomous agents have become a vibrant research and development topic in recent years attracting activity and attention from various areas. The basic agent concept incorporates proactive autonomous units with goal-directed-behaviour and communication capabilities. The book focuses on autonomous agents that can act in a goal directed manner under real time constraints and incomplete knowledge, being situated in a dynamic environment where resources may be restricted. To satisfy such complex requirements, the author improves, combines, and applies results from areas like planning, constraint programming, and local search. The formal framework developed is evaluated by application to the field of computer games, which fit the problem context very well since most of them are played in real time and provide a highly interactive environment where environmental situations are changing rapidly.

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP98

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP98
Author: Michael Maher
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 495
Release: 1998-10-09
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540652248
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Constraints have emerged as the basis of a representational and computational paradigm that draws from many disciplines and can be brought to bear on many problem domains. This volume contains papers dealing with all aspects of c- puting with constraints. In particular, there are several papers on applications of constraints, re?ecting the practical usefulness of constraint programming. The papers were presented at the 1998 International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP’98), held in Pisa, Italy, 26{30 - tober, 1998. It is the fourth in this series of conferences, following conferences in Cassis (France), Cambridge (USA), and Schloss Hagenberg (Austria). We received 115 high quality submissions. In addition, 7 abstracts submissions were not followed by a full paper, hence were not counted as submissions. The program committee selected 29 high quality papers after thorough refereeing by at least 3 experts and further discussion by committee members. We thank the referees and the program committee for the time and e ort spent in reviewing the papers. The program committee invited three speakers: { Joxan Ja ar { Peter Jeavons { Patrick Prosser Their papers are in this volume.

Stochastic Local Search

Stochastic Local Search
Author: Holger H. Hoos
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Total Pages: 678
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1558608729
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Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms are among the most prominent and successful techniques for solving computationally difficult problems. Offering a systematic treatment of SLS algorithms, this book examines the general concepts and specific instances of SLS algorithms and considers their development, analysis and application.

Handbook of Constraint Programming

Handbook of Constraint Programming
Author: Francesca Rossi
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 977
Release: 2006-08-18
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0080463800
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Constraint programming is a powerful paradigm for solving combinatorial search problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, databases, programming languages, and operations research. Constraint programming is currently applied with success to many domains, such as scheduling, planning, vehicle routing, configuration, networks, and bioinformatics.The aim of this handbook is to capture the full breadth and depth of the constraint programming field and to be encyclopedic in its scope and coverage. While there are several excellent books on constraint programming, such books necessarily focus on the main notions and techniques and cannot cover also extensions, applications, and languages. The handbook gives a reasonably complete coverage of all these lines of work, based on constraint programming, so that a reader can have a rather precise idea of the whole field and its potential. Of course each line of work is dealt with in a survey-like style, where some details may be neglected in favor of coverage. However, the extensive bibliography of each chapter will help the interested readers to find suitable sources for the missing details. Each chapter of the handbook is intended to be a self-contained survey of a topic, and is written by one or more authors who are leading researchers in the area.The intended audience of the handbook is researchers, graduate students, higher-year undergraduates and practitioners who wish to learn about the state-of-the-art in constraint programming. No prior knowledge about the field is necessary to be able to read the chapters and gather useful knowledge. Researchers from other fields should find in this handbook an effective way to learn about constraint programming and to possibly use some of the constraint programming concepts and techniques in their work, thus providing a means for a fruitful cross-fertilization among different research areas.The handbook is organized in two parts. The first part covers the basic foundations of constraint programming, including the history, the notion of constraint propagation, basic search methods, global constraints, tractability and computational complexity, and important issues in modeling a problem as a constraint problem. The second part covers constraint languages and solver, several useful extensions to the basic framework (such as interval constraints, structured domains, and distributed CSPs), and successful application areas for constraint programming. - Covers the whole field of constraint programming- Survey-style chapters- Five chapters on applications

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming -- CP 2011

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming -- CP 2011
Author: Jimmy Lee
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 854
Release: 2011-09-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 364223786X
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP 2011, held in Perugia, Italy, September 12-16, 2011. The 51 revised full papers and 7 short papers presented together with three invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 159 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on algorithms, environments, languages, models and systems, applications such as decision making, resource allocation and agreement technologies.

Handbook of Heuristics

Handbook of Heuristics
Author: Rafael Martí
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 3000
Release: 2017-01-16
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9783319071237
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Heuristics are strategies using readily accessible, loosely applicable information to control problem solving. Algorithms, for example, are a type of heuristic. By contrast, Metaheuristics are methods used to design Heuristics and may coordinate the usage of several Heuristics toward the formulation of a single method. GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures) is an example of a Metaheuristic. To the layman, heuristics may be thought of as ‘rules of thumb’ but despite its imprecision, heuristics is a very rich field that refers to experience-based techniques for problem-solving, learning, and discovery. Any given solution/heuristic is not guaranteed to be optimal but heuristic methodologies are used to speed up the process of finding satisfactory solutions where optimal solutions are impractical. The introduction to this Handbook provides an overview of the history of Heuristics along with main issues regarding the methodologies covered. This is followed by Chapters containing various examples of local searches, search strategies and Metaheuristics, leading to an analyses of Heuristics and search algorithms. The reference concludes with numerous illustrations of the highly applicable nature and implementation of Heuristics in our daily life. Each chapter of this work includes an abstract/introduction with a short description of the methodology. Key words are also necessary as part of top-matter to each chapter to enable maximum search engine optimization. Next, chapters will include discussion of the adaptation of this methodology to solve a difficult optimization problem, and experiments on a set of representative problems.

Integer Optimization by Local Search

Integer Optimization by Local Search
Author: Joachim P. Walser
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 146
Release: 2003-06-26
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540483691
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Integer Optimization addresses a wide spectrum of practically important optimization problems and represents a major challenge for algorithmics. The goal of integer optimization is to solve a system of constraints and optimization criteria over discrete variables. Integer Optimization by Local Search introduces a new approach to domain-independent integer optimization, which, unlike traditional strategies, is based on local search. It develops the central concepts and strategies of integer local search and describes possible combinations with classical methods from linear programming. The surprising effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in a variety of case studies on large-scale, realistic problems, including production planning, timetabling, radar surveillance, and sports scheduling. The monograph is written for practitioners and researchers from artificial intelligence and operations research.

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2009

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2009
Author: Ian P. Gent
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 861
Release: 2009-09-19
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3642042449
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This volume contains the papers presented at CP 2009: The 15th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming. It was held from September 20–24, 2009 at the Rectory of the New University of Lisbon, Portugal. Everyone involved with the conference thanks our sponsors for their support. There were 128 submissions to the research track, of which 53 were accepted for a rate of 41.4%. Each submission was reviewed by three reviewers, with a small number of additional reviews obtained in exceptional cases. Each review waseitherbyaProgrammeCommitteemember,orbyacolleagueinvitedtohelp by a committee member thanks to their particular expertise. Papers submitted as long papers were accepted at full length or not at all. It is important to note that papers submitted as short papers were held to the same high standards of qualityas long papers. There is thus no distinction in these proceedings between long and short papers, except of course the number of pages they occupy. As it happens, the acceptancerates of short and long papers wereverysimilar indeed. Therewere13submissionstotheapplicationtrack,ofwhich8wereaccepted, fora rateof61.5%.Papersunderwentthe samereviewprocessasregularpapers, and there was not a separate committee for reviewing application track papers. However, papers in the application track were not required to be original or novel research, but to be original and novel as an application of constraints.