Confronting The Shadow Education System PDF Download
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Author | : Mark Bray |
Publisher | : United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization |
Total Pages | : 144 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : |
Download Confronting the Shadow Education System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.
Author | : Mark Bray |
Publisher | : Asian Development Bank |
Total Pages | : 155 |
Release | : 2012-05-01 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 9290926597 |
Download Shadow Education Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.
Author | : Bell Hooks |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 225 |
Release | : 2014-03-18 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 1135200017 |
Download Teaching To Transgress Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author | : Fredrik deBoer |
Publisher | : All Points Books |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 2020-08-04 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 1250200385 |
Download The Cult of Smart Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Named one of Vulture’s Top 10 Best Books of 2020! Leftist firebrand Fredrik deBoer exposes the lie at the heart of our educational system and demands top-to-bottom reform. Everyone agrees that education is the key to creating a more just and equal world, and that our schools are broken and failing. Proposed reforms variously target incompetent teachers, corrupt union practices, or outdated curricula, but no one acknowledges a scientifically-proven fact that we all understand intuitively: Academic potential varies between individuals, and cannot be dramatically improved. In The Cult of Smart, educator and outspoken leftist Fredrik deBoer exposes this omission as the central flaw of our entire society, which has created and perpetuated an unjust class structure based on intellectual ability. Since cognitive talent varies from person to person, our education system can never create equal opportunity for all. Instead, it teaches our children that hierarchy and competition are natural, and that human value should be based on intelligence. These ideas are counter to everything that the left believes, but until they acknowledge the existence of individual cognitive differences, progressives remain complicit in keeping the status quo in place. This passionate, voice-driven manifesto demands that we embrace a new goal for education: equality of outcomes. We must create a world that has a place for everyone, not just the academically talented. But we’ll never achieve this dream until the Cult of Smart is destroyed.
Author | : Karin Guill |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Bray, Mark (2009). Confronting the Shadow Education System. What Government Policies for what Private Tutoring? [Book Review] Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 258 |
Release | : 2018-08-10 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 3319959158 |
Download Teachers as Tutors: Shadow Education Market Dynamics in Georgia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring has become a global phenomenon but has different features in different settings. This book explores the ways in which teacher-tutors’ beliefs, social norms, ideals about professionalism, and community values shape their economic decisions in the informal shadow education marketplace. Through theoretical lenses of economic sociology and anthropology, this study uncovers strong social and moral embeddedness of the shadow education market in social relationships, cultural norms and moralities in post-Soviet Georgia. The book questions some of the basic assumptions that the predominant neoliberal discourse promotes worldwide. The book is based on Kobakhidze’s PhD dissertation, which won the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) Gail P. Kelly Outstanding Dissertation Award. “[A] theoretically innovative and substantively enlightening account of shadow schooling in Georgia... A landmark achievement.” Roger Dale, University of Bristol “... an important and timely topic ... addressed with exceptional thoroughness. It constitutes a solid piece of academic work and clearly makes a significant contribution to the field of shadow education.”Heidi Biseth, University College of Southeast Norway, Chair of Gail P. Kelly Award Committee in 2017 “...through robust critical analysis, Kobakhidze invites a humanistic re-visioning of economy and society.“ Ora Kwo, The University of Hong Kong
Author | : Dave Tomar |
Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing USA |
Total Pages | : 277 |
Release | : 2012-09-18 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 1620400197 |
Download The Shadow Scholar Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
“[A] stunning tale of academic fraud . . . shocking and compelling.”-The Washington Post Dave Tomar wrote term papers for a living. Technically, the papers were “study guides,” and the companies he wrote for-there are quite a few-are completely aboveboard and easily found with a quick web search. For as little as ten dollars a page, these paper mills provide a custom essay, written to the specifics of any course assignment. During Tomar's career as an academic surrogate, he wrote made-to-order papers for everything from introductory college courses to Ph.D. dissertations. There was never a shortage of demand for his services. The Shadow Scholar is the story of this dubious but all-too-common career. In turns shocking, absurd, and ultimately sobering, Tomar explores not merely his own misdeeds but the bureaucratic and cash-hungry colleges, lazy students, and even misguided parents who help make it all possible.
Author | : Mark Bray |
Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
Total Pages | : 91 |
Release | : 2022-08-08 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 1000685357 |
Download Shadow Education in the Middle East Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume offers insights into the role of private supplementary tutoring in the Middle East, and its far-reaching implications for social structures and mainstream education. Around the world, increasing numbers of children receive private tutoring to supplement their schooling. In much of the academic literature this is called shadow education because the content of tutoring commonly mimics that of schooling: as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadow. While much research and policy attention has focused on private tutoring in East Asia and some other world regions, less attention has been given to the topic in the Middle East. Drawing on both Arabic-language and English-language literature, this study commences with the global picture before comparing patterns within and among 12 Arabic-speaking countries of the Middle East. It presents the educational and cultural commonalities amongst these countries, examines the drivers of demand and supply of shadow education, and considers the dynamics of tutoring and how it impacts on education in schools. In addition to its pertinence within the Middle East itself, the book will be of considerable interest to academics and education policy makers broadly concerned with changing roles of the state and private sectors in education. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Author | : UNESCO |
Publisher | : UNESCO Publishing |
Total Pages | : 85 |
Release | : 2015-05-26 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 9231000888 |
Download Rethinking education: towards a global common good? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Economic growth and the creation of wealth have cut global poverty rates, yet vulnerability, inequality, exclusion and violence have escalated within and across societies throughout the world. Unsustainable patterns of economic production and consumption promote global warming, environmental degradation and an upsurge in natural disasters. Moreover, while we have strengthened international human rights frameworks over the past several decades, implementing and protecting these norms remains a challenge.These changes signal the emergence of a new global context for learning that has vital implications for education. Rethinking the purpose of education and the organization of learning has never been more urgent. This book is inspired by a humanistic vision of education and development, based on respect for life and human dignity, equal rights, social justice, cultural diversity, international solidarity and shared responsibility for a sustainable future. It proposes that we consider education and knowledge as global common goods, in order to reconcile the purpose and organization of education as a collective societal endeavour in a complex world.
Author | : Kenneth Norman Ross |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 284 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : |
Download Needs-based Resource Allocation in Education Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The book explores a range of conceptual, methodological and empirical issues concerned with the application of needs-based resource allocation in education via formula funding of schools. The first part presents the policy context for needs-based formula funding, the second examines technical matters related to the construction of funding formulae and the third part presents case studies in five countries (Australia, England and Wales, United States and New Zealand). The conclusion offers a 'checklist' for senior decision-makers in Ministries of Education that highlights the pre-conditions for undertaking a successful implementation of needs-based formula funding.