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Command and Control of Airpower in Irregular Warfare

Command and Control of Airpower in Irregular Warfare
Author: Maj J. Ian Chambers
Publisher: CreateSpace
Total Pages: 52
Release: 2012-12-31
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781481872706
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Air Force plays a significant role in Air Force culture. This study examines the Air Force's ability to apply the centralized control approach to irregular warfare. The growing focus and literature on the differences between traditional warfare and irregular warfare challenge the US Air Force's adherence to centralized control. This study asks “Is the Air Force's command and control structure able to integrate airpower effectively into Irregular Warfare operations?” This research question leads to a review of the irregular warfare theory, organizational theory, and application of these theories in the current context to determine the effectiveness of centralized control in irregular warfare. The study compares the requirements identified by theory against the Air Force's command and control structure, the Theater Air Control System. Subsequent chapters discuss the TACS performance in contemporary IW environments. The discussion leads to limitations of the TACS in irregular warfare and potential improvements.

Air Force Doctrine Document 3-52

Air Force Doctrine Document 3-52
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher:
Total Pages: 81
Release: 2018-03-03
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980456193
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Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 3-52, Airspace Control, is the Air Force's foundational doctrinal publication on Air Force airspace control operations and organization. AFDD 3-52 presents Air Force-sanctioned ideas, lessons learned, and best practices to help Airmen2 conceptualize and articulate their role in airspace control operations. The publication introduces and develops the Air Force's role in integrating controlling agencies and joint airspace users into the theater-wide mission of the joint force commander. It establishes the foundations for developing Air Force education on airspace control and the subsequent development of sound tactics, techniques, and procedures. Chapter 1, Airspace Control Fundamentals, places into context airspace control's role within the range of military operations. In doing so, the chapter acknowledges the complexity of the modern airspace environment while simultaneously noting the critical role airspace control plays in the integration, deconfliction, and risk management of joint operations. It discusses the unique perspective Airmen bring to airspace control and the general policy guiding their actions. The chapter describes airspace control's cross-domain effects and how the enduring principles of war and tenets of airpower relate to its operations. Finally it details how this publication integrates with corresponding joint and sister-Service doctrine. Chapter 2, Command and Organization, describes organization and command relationships within the Air Force command architecture and how these forces are presented to a joint force commander as part of the commander, Air Force forces' air and space expeditionary task force. It details the roles and responsibilities of Air Force structure as well as the corresponding organizations of the other Services and Components. Finally, the chapter details the homeland organizational structure and the intertwined complexity of military and agency governing and regulation. Chapter 3, Planning and Execution, describes how airspace control operations are designed, planned, and executed across the range of military operations. Two appendices complement the document. The first appendix outlines considerations when developing an ACP. The second appendix, "Regional Air Movement Control Center," describes the organization, its reason for existence, and its structure.

Command Of The Air

Command Of The Air
Author: General Giulio Douhet
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Total Pages: 620
Release: 2014-08-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 1782898522
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In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq.

Air Force Doctrine Annex 3-2 Irregular Warfare

Air Force Doctrine Annex 3-2 Irregular Warfare
Author: United States Government US Air Force
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2017-04-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9781545440575
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Air Force Doctrine ANNEX 3-2 Irregular Warfare Airpower provides essential capabilities to the joint force across the range of military operations. This annex provides operational level doctrinal guidance for irregular warfare (IW) and presents fundamental IW principles and core IW activities in the context of challenges to US national security. Next, this annex defines IW, and highlights the role of airpower in IW and the main characteristics of IW that should be taken into account when developing IW-related strategy, plans, assessment, and command and control. This annex concludes with how Air Force forces are organized and presented, and Air Force capabilities are used to support IW operations.

Airpower Support To Unconventional Warfare

Airpower Support To Unconventional Warfare
Author: Major Scott A. Hartman
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Total Pages: 119
Release: 2015-11-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 1786252813
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With the development of the “long war,” the U.S. military’s focus has shifted dramatically from its traditional emphasis on conventional operations to irregular and indirect approaches to safeguard America’s vital interests. One of the least understood aspects of Irregular Warfare is Unconventional Warfare (UW), which includes operations conducted through, with or by indigenous forces and provides the U.S. with an indirect means of accomplishing its objectives. This thesis examines the current ability of Special Operations Forces to conduct UW with air support, specifically air support provided by Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). This thesis examines the questions—Does AFSOC currently have airpower assets with the capability to support UW operations with mobility, resupply, and fires? Three case studies were used to examine airpowers role in UW: Allied support to the French resistance in WWII, United States support to the Hmong during the conflict in Laos and a hypothetical scenario using AFSOC’s current capabilities. The three case studies were examined using the evaluation criteria of effectiveness, efficiency and unity of effort. The analysis found that AFSOC could currently support UW operations, but effectiveness would be limited by a number of factors.

The RAF and Tribal Control

The RAF and Tribal Control
Author: Richard D. Newton
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2019-11-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0700628711
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In light of technological advances and multiplying irregular conflicts, conventional wisdom suggests airpower as the ideal, low-cost means of conducting modern warfare—and the air control method adopted by the British between the two world wars seems to back this up. Swift and precise targeting from above was considered more humane, after all, sparing civilians as well as British soldiers during punitive expeditions in unruly colonial regions. But what conventional wisdom misses, and this book makes clear, is how the Royal Air Force’s (RAF) innovative approach actually worked—relying on British airmen on the ground at least as much as on airborne technology to control restive tribes and villages. The RAF and Tribal Control tells the story of these forgotten airmen, the RAF special service officers who, embedded among local populations and indigenous tribes, collected vital intelligence, developed targets, directed air strikes when necessary, and, perhaps most important, provided personal assessments of airpower’s qualitative effects against primarily guerrilla forces. Airpower is a highly technological endeavor. But in wars where the human dimension takes primacy, Richard Newton reminds us that measuring the effectiveness of air actions requires a qualitative approach that is nearly impossible via overhead sensors. And this is where the RAF special service officers came in—airmen who understood the local cultures and peoples, they served as conduits for information and communication between the colonial administration and the tribes and villages. It was their ground-level contributions that made the integration of airpower into the civilian administration of colonies and mandates possible. This first in-depth account of the RAF special service officers’ role brings to light previously unpublished insights. The RAF and Tribal Control fills a significant gap in the history of air warfare. In doing so, the book dispels the notion that airpower alone is effective in small wars and irregular conflicts—and reveals the importance of the “boots-on-the-ground” human component in waging unconventional air warfare, both in the days of the RAF’s vaunted air control and in our own time.

Military Strategy, Joint Operations, and Airpower

Military Strategy, Joint Operations, and Airpower
Author: Ryan Burke
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2018-09-03
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1626166234
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An ideal textbook for classes on modern airpower and joint operations.

Decentralized Control

Decentralized Control
Author: Joseph C. Turnham
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2011
Genre: Afghan War, 2001-
ISBN:
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"The US has been engaged in irregular warfare (IW) for more than a decade, and faces the prospect of IW for years to come. To prepare for this eventuality and win its current wars, America’s military has modified its doctrine to account for IW. The joint force air component commander (JFACC) for US Central Command (USCENTCOM) has gone even further, and established a non-doctrinal, sub-theater command and control (C2) node with the 9th air expeditionary task force – Afghanistan (AETF-A). To date, little analysis exists on whether this level of decentralization is appropriate for airpower in IW. This paper focuses on the issue of decentralized control of air assets in IW by asking whether the AETF-A model permits effective close air support (CAS) in Afghanistan, or would a sub-theater JFACC model better serve this purpose. To answer this question, criteria required for effective CAS are applied to each model in an evaluation framework. Based on this analysis, the research reveals that, due to limitations in planning and depth of command, the AETF-A construct does not facilitate effective CAS in Afghanistan, but does maximize CAS effectiveness across multiple sub-theaters. The analysis also shows that the sub-theater JFACC construct provides more effective C2 for CAS in Afghanistan, but, based on limited unity of effort, flexibility, and span of control, cannot maximize CAS effectiveness across multiple sub-theaters"--Abstract.

Theater Joint Force Air Component Commander Construct

Theater Joint Force Air Component Commander Construct
Author: Timothy B. Missler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 35
Release: 2009
Genre: Air power
ISBN:
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"This paper explores the proper level of airpower command and control in irregular warfare. By evaluating the current state of airpower effectiveness under the United States Air Force's Command and Control Enabling Concept employed in the CENTCOM area of operations today, this paper will challenge this concepts utility and provide recommendations on how to improve air-ground integration in irregular warfare. Finally, this paper will advocate assignment of a Commander, Air Force Forces for all Joint Task Forces conducting joint air operations that utilize United States Air Force air and space expeditionary task force assets. By following this simple doctrinal guidance, the joint force of tomorrow will avoid the air-ground integration difficulties being experienced by the joint force of today."--Abstract.