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| Author | : Meilin Wu |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 392 |
| Release | : 2023-04-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2832515762 |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 526 |
| Release | : 2011-01-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309145880 |
Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
| Author | : R. Kerry Turner |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 240 |
| Release | : 2015-06-10 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 331917214X |
This book applies the ‘ecosystem services’ framework to coastal environments, showing how it could facilitate an adaptive management strategy. The contributors describe a decision support system (DSS) based on the 3 Ps – pluralism, pragmatism and precaution – that leads to a more flexible, ‘learn by doing’ approach to the stewardship of coastal environments. The book lays out a “Balance Sheets Approach” to formatting, interrogating and presenting data and findings. The opening chapter defines coastal zones, their characteristics and natural resources, and describes their complex and dynamic nature. The chapter shows that large-scale trends and pressures have led to a global loss of 50% of marshes, leading to significant declines in biodiversity and habitat. Part I presents a conceptual framework, describes natural science techniques for coastal and shelf modeling, and describes valuation of ecosystem services. Part II outlines practical ecosystem indicators for coastal and marine ecosystem services, reviews literature on valuation of coastal and marine ecosystem services, explores scenarios, outlines marine and coastal ecosystem services data and offers tools for incorporating data into decision-making. PART III offers case studies including one linking the ecosystem services of Marine Protected Areas to benefits in human wellbeing; and another on valuing blue carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems. Also included are a study of managed realignments and the English coastline and their value estimate transferability; and studies of the impact of jellyfish blooms on recreation in the UK and on fisheries in Italy.
| Author | : João Carlos Marques |
| Publisher | : WIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 210 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1845642090 |
Ecological indicators address ecosystems structure and/or function and are commonly used to provide synoptic information about their state. Through quantitative representations of either the forces that steer ecosystems, responses to forcing functions, or of previous, current, or future states of an ecosystem, indicators are expected to reveal conditions and trends that will help in development planning and decision making processes. Ecological indicators combine numerous environmental factors in a single value, which may be useful in terms of management and in the development of ecological concepts, compliant with the general public's understanding. Nevertheless, their application is not exempt of criticisms, the first of which is that aggregation results in an oversimplification of the ecosystem under observation. Ecological indicators must therefore be handled following the right criteria and in situations that are consistent with its intended use and scope; otherwise they may drive to confusing interpretations of data.
| Author | : Patrick J. S. Boaden |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461585392 |
Studies of marine ecology have traditionally been approached through lectures and field courses devoted mainly to intertidal and inshore habitats, and it is surprising in these days of increased awareness of man's environmental impact that so little attention has been given to integrated approaches involving the whole coastal zone and including the terrestrial part, which is man's major habitat. The coastal zone has been the subject of extensive investigation, not only because of its biological diversity and accessibility, but also because of its economic and aesthetic importance to man. This book is written with the intention of providing a concise but readable account of coastal ecology for advanced undergraduates and immediate postgraduates. We have adopted a habitat-organismal ap proach because we believe that a knowledge of biota and major features of their environment is the best key to an understanding of both larger-scale processes, such as energy flow and nutrient cycling, and smaller-scale but equally fundamental processes, such as behavioural and physiological ecology. Examples have been selected from polar, temperate and tropical regions of the world. The breadth of the subject has dictated selectivity from sources too numerous to acknowledge individually, but we have included an up-to-date reference list for the main subjects of each chapter.
| Author | : C. A. Brebbia |
| Publisher | : WIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 257 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1845641086 |
This book contains most of the papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions . The conference provides a forum for the discussion of problems that are related to coastal regions, which are increasingly being affected by population growth and industrial and tourism activities. The pressure of these developments generates social, ecological and economic problems, the solution of which requires an interdisciplinary approach. Effective strategies for the management of coastal areas should therefore consist of dynamic and integrated solutions in order to control their environmental quality. The contributions included in this book are listed in the following sections: Ecology and the Coastal Environment; Coastal Deterioration; Management of Risk; Water Quality Issues; Sediment Transport; Coastal Dunes
| Author | : J. N. Kremer |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642667171 |
One aim of the physical sciences has been to give an exact picture of the material world. One achievement of physics in the twentieth century has been to prove that that aim is unattainable . . . . There is no absolute knowledge. And those who claim it, whether they are scientists or dogmatists, open the door to tragedy. All information is imperfect. We have to treat it with humility. Bronowski (1973) The Ascent of Man It seems particularly appropriate to us to begin this book with Jacob Bronowski's passionate message firmly in mind. Those who set out to construct numerical models, especially ones that are mechanistic and essentially deterministic, must work always with this awareness as a backdrop for their efforts. But this is also true for the most meticulous physiologist or observant naturalist. We are all dealing with simplifications and abstractions, all trying to figure out how nature works. Unfortunately, this common pursuit does not always lead to mutual understanding, and we have become increasingly aware over the past six years that many ecologists feel a certain hostility or at least distrust toward numerical modeling. In a number of cases the reasons for such feelings are personal and very understandable-hard gotten data skimmed off by someone with little appreciation for the difficulties involved in obtaining reliable measurements, grandiose claims of predictability, the tendency for some model builders to treat other scientists as number-getters whose research can be directed in response to the needs of the model, etc.
| Author | : C. A. Brebbia |
| Publisher | : WIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 497 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1845641671 |
This volume deals with problems related to monitoring, analysis and modelling of coastal regions, including sea, land and air phenomena. Bringing together papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions, the book focuses on ecological and environmental problems and the issues of water quality. The book will be essential to researchers, engineers and professionals involved in the field of Coastal Environmental quality and the related challenges to monitoring and controlling Oil Spills. Topics of interest include: Remote Sensing; Ecology and the Coastal Environment; Water Quality Issues; Wetlands; Sediment Problems; Coastal Restoration; Atmospheric Aspects; Sea States Forecasting; Modelling of Trajectory and Fate of Spills; Bioremediation; Detection, Prevention and Clean-up Measures; Erosion Problems; Management of Risk; Preservation of Pristine Coastal Areas; Estuarial Problems; Floods; Climate Change and the Coastal Environment.
| Author | : X. San Liang |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 298 |
| Release | : 2018-11-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1789843936 |
The coastal environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate and is currently a great societal concern. This book provides a selected collection of papers on coastal environmental change, coastal disasters, and coastal infrastructure due to global warming, with a focus on the coasts of the rapidly developing country China. What makes the book distinctly different from others is its diversity, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of coastal problems. With contributions from over 30 authors, the book is a comprehensive account of diverse topics, such as coastal upwelling, estuarine processes, coastal pollution, sea level rise, meteorological and atmospheric problems, urbanization and the heat island effect, and coastal infrastructure, to name just a few, from theoretical study and phenomenological description, to methodological development. This book is expected to serve as a relatively comprehensive reference for coastal researchers, graduate students, as well as policymakers and coastal resource managers.
| Author | : Meilin Wu |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2023-07-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 283252849X |
