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Civil-Military Relations during the War of 1812

Civil-Military Relations during the War of 1812
Author: Reginald C. Stuart
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 193
Release: 2009-08-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 0313381542

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Civil-military relations in the era of the War of 1812 must be seen as a broad theme, not just the particular relationships between officers, military organizations, and civil government and civilians. Civil-military attitudes were interwoven in the lives of Americans and must be seen as ideological and social in character with political expressions. Secondarily, the War of 1812 was a transition period from the matrix of ideas inherited from English history and the War of Independence experience with an Atlantic orientation toward the national experience and continental orientation of the 19th Century. This book is a thematic exploration of civil-military themes in the era of the War of 1812. It begins with the immediate post-American Revolutionary era, the Constitutional Founding, and works through events in the 1790s and 1800s that illustrated how the Founding Fathers used the military as an aid to the civil power to maintain political order; how republican ideology colored the kind of military system American leaders in this era believed their country should have: in particular the heavy reliance upon the militia as an ideological ideal that failed in practice; the first glimmerings of volunteerism as an alternate, and later substitute for the militia idea; and an episodic use of military power to enforce civil political authority. The evolution of these civil-military themes occurred within the larger evolution of the United States as a small country with an Atlantic orientation perched along the eastern seaboard of North American into a continental country after 1815 because of the defeat of Indian tribes, the eclipse and elimination of Spanish territorial control in the Gulf of Mexico littoral and the trans-Mississippi West, and the rapprochement with Great Britain on sharing upper North America.


Privilege Vs. Equality

Privilege Vs. Equality
Author: Robert P. Wettemann
Publisher: Praeger
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2009-09-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 0275986039

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This study offers a broad topical overview of civil-military relations during the formative three decades between the War of 1812 and the Mexican War.


The United States Army and the Making of America

The United States Army and the Making of America
Author: Robert Wooster
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
Total Pages: 496
Release: 2021-04-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0700630643

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The United States Army and the Making of America: From Confederation to Empire, 1775–1903 is the story of how the American military—and more particularly the regular army—has played a vital role in the late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century United States that extended beyond the battlefield. Repeatedly, Americans used the army not only to secure their expanding empire and fight their enemies, but to shape their nation and their vision of who they were, often in ways not directly associated with shooting wars or combat. That the regular army served as nation-builders is ironic, given the officer corps’ obsession with a warrior ethic and the deep-seated disdain for a standing army that includes Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, the writings of Henry David Thoreau, and debates regarding congressional appropriations. Whether the issue concerned Indian policy, the appropriate division of power between state and federal authorities, technology, transportation, communications, or business innovations, the public demanded that the military remain small even as it expected those forces to promote civilian development. Robert Wooster’s exhaustive research in manuscript collections, government documents, and newspapers builds upon previous scholarship to provide a coherent and comprehensive history of the U.S. Army from its inception during the American Revolution to the Philippine-American War. Wooster integrates its institutional history with larger trends in American history during that period, with a special focus on state-building and civil-military relations. The United States Army and the Making of America will be the definitive book on the army’s relationship with the nation from its founding to the dawn of the twentieth century and will be a valuable resource for a generation of undergraduates, graduate students, and virtually any scholar with an interest in the U.S. Army, American frontiers and borderlands, the American West, or eighteenth- and nineteenth-century nation-building.


The First Test

The First Test
Author: Margaret C. Martin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 93
Release: 2010
Genre: Civil-military relations
ISBN:

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"To examine the relationship between the civil-military relations and the strategy of the war, this paper will trace the ideological and experiential background of the nation; examine the portions of the Constitution related to security, defense, and war-making; describe the security concerns and foreign policy considerations of the United States leading into the war; and finally, examine how the shape of the government and other internal factors influenced President Madisons ability to wage war. What will emerge is a picture of disunity and chaos in spite of a Congressional endorsed declaration of war."--Abstract.


Sea Power in Its Relations to the War of 1812

Sea Power in Its Relations to the War of 1812
Author: Alfred Thayer Mahan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 492
Release: 2011-02-03
Genre: History
ISBN: 1108026079

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Published in 1905, this is a detailed study of the origins and conduct of the Anglo-American war of 1812.


American Civil-Military Relations

American Civil-Military Relations
Author: Suzanne C. Nielsen
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2009-10-05
Genre: History
ISBN: 0801892872

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politics, and national security policy.--John R. Ballard "On Point"


The Staff Ride Handbook for the Battles of New Orleans,23 December 1814-8 January 1815

The Staff Ride Handbook for the Battles of New Orleans,23 December 1814-8 January 1815
Author: Matthew B. Dale
Publisher:
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2017-08-15
Genre:
ISBN: 9781974593156

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The Staff Ride Handbook for the Battles of New Orleans, 23 December 1814-8 January 1815, covers the final battles of the War of 1812. Interest in the details of this often-overlooked conflict has increased, exposing a new generation of students to a unique period in our Army's history. Most survey course references to the War of 1812 concern the demonstrably different performances of the US Army and US Navy, the latter getting the better coverage. That comparison however, lies at the heart of why this war and this series of battles are crucial to understanding the development of both the Army as an institution and civil-military relations more generally from 1815 to 1941. This handbook will help new and returning students - including history enthusiasts - to look at the battles of New Orleans in the proper context, aided by a wealth of new scholarship produced over the last 30 years.


Manifest Ambition

Manifest Ambition
Author: John C. Pinheiro
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 241
Release: 2007-03-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 0313027285

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This is not another chronological retelling of the Mexican War. Instead, it examines civil-military clashes during the war in light of Jacksonian politics and the American citizen-soldier tradition, looking at events that shed light on civilian authority over the military, as well as the far reaching impact of political ambition during this period (specifically, presidential power and the quest for the presidency). By 1848, Americans had come to realize that in their burgeoning democracy, generals and politicians could scarcely resist the temptation to use war for partisan gain. It was a lesson well learned and one that still resonates today. The Mexican War is known for the invaluable experience it provided to future Civil War officers and as an example of America's drive to fulfill her Manifest Destiny. Yet it was more than a training ground, more than a display of imperialism. Significantly, the Mexican War tested civilian control of the military and challenged traditional assumptions about the role of the army in American society. In so doing, it revealed the degree to which, by 1846, the harsh partisanships of the Jacksonian Era had impacted the American approach to war. This is not another chronological retelling of the Mexican War. Instead, it examines civil-military clashes during the war in light of Jacksonian politics and the American citizen-soldier tradition, looking both at events that shed light on civilian authority over the military and at the far reaching impact of political ambition during this period (specifically, presidential power and the quest for the presidency). In addition to politics, a host of others factors marred civil-military relations during the war, threatening U.S. victory. These included atrocities committed by Americans against Mexicans, disobedient officers, and inefficient U.S. military governors. In the end, as Manifest Ambition shows, Polk's ability to overcome his partisan leanings, his micro-management of the war effort, and his overall strategic vision, helped avoid both a prolonged occupation and the annexation of All Mexico. By 1848, Americans had come to realize that in their burgeoning democracy, generals and politicians could scarcely resist the temptation to use war for partisan gain. It was a lesson well learned and one that still resonates today.


War of 1812

War of 1812
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher:
Total Pages: 144
Release: 2017-09-19
Genre:
ISBN: 9781549780790

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This book covers the final battles of the War of 1812. Interest in the details of this often-overlooked conflict has increased as a result of recent bicentennial observances, exposing a new generation of students to a unique period in our Army's history. Most survey course references to the War of 1812 concern the demonstrably different performances of the US Army and US Navy, the latter getting the better coverage. That comparison however, lies at the heart of why this war and this series of battles are crucial to understanding the development of both the Army as an institution and civil-military relations more generally from 1815 to 1941. This handbook will help new and returning students to look at the battles of New Orleans in the proper context, aided by a wealth of new scholarship produced over the last 30 years. This handbook enables understanding of the battle by facilitating readers' awareness as they walk the ground. It begins with a thorough description of the strategic objectives desired by both the British and Americans, and an operational overview of events in the American Deep South and the Gulf of Mexico which set the conditions for the tactical engagements which occurred in December 1814 and January 1815. The use of the plural Battles in the title denotes a focus upon all four of the engagements fought between American and British forces just south and east of New Orleans. Because of this, the handbook can be used to tailor a staff ride for a single tactical engagement or as a campaign analysis. In keeping with our previous staff ride publications, this handbook spends a great deal of time on the study of leadership. New Orleans remains firmly associated in American military lore with visions of a victorious Andrew Jackson, in command of a composite force of fighters from an astonishing array of backgrounds. While Jackson's influence over the battle and its outcome remain mostly undeniable, this handbook provides equal attention to Jackson's opponent, Sir Edward Pakenham, the ill-starred commander of British regulars, many of whom boasted long experience against the French armies of Napoleon Bonaparte. Further attention is also paid to a variety of American and British subordinate commanders at all levels, bringing these seldom-heard voices back into the conversation two centuries after the fact. The Battles of New Orleans offers military organizations of all three components and of any echelon the opportunity to study the timeless factors that influence armed conflict to include leadership, sustainment, and domestic politics. Although the tactics and the equipment are far different today, modern participants will still come away with a greater appreciation and understanding of the experiences of American and British Soldiers of all ranks in the final battle between the Unites States and Great Britain.


Citizen Soldiers in the War of 1812

Citizen Soldiers in the War of 1812
Author: C. Edward Skeen
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2014-07-11
Genre: History
ISBN: 081314955X

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Winner of the Army Historical Foundation Book Award During the War of 1812, state militias were intended to be the primary fighting force. Unfortunately, while militiamen showed willingness to fight, they were untrained, undisciplined, and ill-equipped. These raw volunteers had no muskets, and many did not know how to use the weapons once they had been issued. Though established by the Constitution, state militias found themselves wholly unprepared for war. The federal government was empowered to use these militias to "execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions;" but in a system of divided responsibility, it was the states' job to appoint officers and to train the soldiers. Edward Skeen reveals states' responses to federal requests for troops and provides in-depth descriptions of the conditions, morale, and experiences of the militia in camp and in battle. Skeen documents the failures and successes of the militias, concluding that the key lay in strong leadership. He also explores public perception of the force, both before and after the war, and examines how the militias changed in response to their performance in the War of 1812. After that time, the federal government increasingly neglected the militias in favor of a regular professional army.