Choosing Normative Concepts PDF Download
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Author | : Matti Eklund |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 232 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 0198717822 |
Download Choosing Normative Concepts Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Theorists working on metaethics and the nature of normativity typically study goodness, rightness, what ought to be done, and so on. In their investigations they employ and consider our actual normative concepts. But the actual concepts of goodness, rightness, and what ought to be done are only some of the possible normative concepts there are. There are other possible concepts, ascribing different properties. Matti Eklund explores the consequences of this thought, for example for the debate over normative realism, and for the debate over what it is for concepts and properties to be normative. Conceptual engineering - the project of considering how our concepts can be replaced by better ones - has become a central topic in philosophy. Eklund applies this methodology to central normative concepts and discusses the special complications that arise in this case. For example, since talk of improvement is itself normative, how should we, in the context, understand talk of a concept being better?
Author | : Stephen P. Turner |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 334 |
Release | : 2013-05-02 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0745654533 |
Download Explaining the Normative Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Normativity is what gives reasons their force, makes words meaningful, and makes rules and laws binding. It is present whenever we use such terms as ‘correct,' ‘ought,' ‘must,' and the language of obligation, responsibility, and logical compulsion. Yet normativists, the philosophers committed to this idea, admit that the idea of a non-causal normative realm and a body of normative objects is spooky. Explaining the Normative is the first systematic, historically grounded critique of normativism. It identifies the standard normativist pattern of argument, and shows how this pattern depends on circularities, assumptions about the unique correctness of preferred descriptions, problematic transcendental arguments, and regress arguments that end in mysteries. The book considers in detail a paradigm case: legal normativity as constructed by Hans Kelsen. This case exemplifies the problems with normativist arguments. But it also shows how normativism was constructed as an alternative to ordinary social science explanation. The normativist argument is that social science explanations themselves are forced to rely on normative conceptsÑminimally, on normative rationality and on a normative view of ‘concepts' themselves. Empathic understanding of the reasoning and meanings of others, however, can solve the regress problems about meaning and rationality that are central to the appeal of normativism. This account has no need for a parallel normative world, and has a surprising and revealing lineage in the history of philosophy, as well as a basis in neuroscience.
Author | : Allan Gibbard |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 327 |
Release | : 2012-12-13 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0199646074 |
Download Meaning and Normativity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The concepts of meaning and mental content resist naturalistic analysis. This is because they are normative: they depend on ideas of how things ought to be. Allan Gibbard offers an expressivist explanation of these 'oughts': he borrows devices from metaethics to illuminate deep problems at the heart of the philosophy of language and thought.
Author | : Alexis Burgess |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 474 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0198801858 |
Download Conceptual Engineering and Conceptual Ethics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Conceptual engineering is a newly flourishing branch of philosophy which investigates problems with our concepts and considers how they might be ameliorated: 'truth', for instance, is susceptible to paradox, and it's not clear what 'race' stands for. This is the first collective exploration of possibilities and problems of conceptual engineering.
Author | : Allan Gibbard |
Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
Total Pages | : 362 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Decision making |
ISBN | : 0198249845 |
Download Wise Choices, Apt Feelings Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This treatise explores what is at issue in narrowly moral questions, and in questions of rational thought and conduct in general. It helps to explain why normative thought and talk so pervade human life, and why our highly social species might have evolved to be gripped by these questions. The author asks how, if his theory is right, we can interpret our normative puzzles, and thus proceed toward finding answers to them.
Author | : Gidon Gottlieb |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 231 |
Release | : 2019-10-30 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 1000735540 |
Download The Logic of Choice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Originally published in 1968. This is a critical study of the concept of ‘rule’ featuring in law, ethics and much philosophical analysis which the author uses to investigate the concept of ‘rationality’. The author indicates in what manner the modes of reasoning involved in reliance upon rules are unique and in what fashion they provide an alternative both to the modes of logico-mathematical reasoning and to the modes of scientific reasoning. This prepares the groundwork for a methodology meeting the requirements of the fields using rules such as law and ethics which could be significant for communications theory and the use of computers in normative fields. Other substantive issues related to the mainstream of legal philosophy are discussed - theories of interpretation, the notion of purpose and the requirements of principled decision-making. The book utilizes examples drawn from English and American legal decisions to suggest how the positions of legal positivism and of natural law are equally artificial and misleading.
Author | : Martin Peterson |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 351 |
Release | : 2017-03-30 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1107151597 |
Download An Introduction to Decision Theory Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A comprehensive and accessible introduction to all aspects of decision theory, now with new and updated discussions and over 140 exercises.
Author | : Sara Heinämaa |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 295 |
Release | : 2022-03-30 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 1000553930 |
Download Contemporary Phenomenologies of Normativity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume investigates forms of normativity through the phenomenological methods of description, analysis, and interpretation. It takes a broad approach to norms, covering not only rules and commands but also goals, values, and passive drives and tendencies. Part I "Basic Perspectives" begins with an overview of the phenomena of normativity and then clarifies the constitution of norms by Husserlian and Heideggerian concepts. It offers phenomenological alternatives to the neo-Kantian and neo-Hegelian approaches that dominate contemporary debates on the "sources of normativity." Part II "From Perception to Imagination" turns to the normativity of three basic types of experiences. This part first sheds light on the normativity of perception and then illuminates the kind of normativity characteristic of imagination and drive intentionality. Part III "Social Dimensions" analyzes the norms that regulate the formation of practical communities. It takes a broad view of practical norms, discussing social and moral norms as well as the epistemic norms of scientific practices. By clarifying the divergences and interrelations between various types and levels of norms, the volume demonstrates that normativity is not one phenomenon but a complex set of various phenomena with multiple sources. Contemporary Phenomenologies of Normativity: Norms, Goals, and Values will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on issues of normativity in phenomenology, epistemology, ethics, and social philosophy.
Author | : Mark Dimmock |
Publisher | : Open Book Publishers |
Total Pages | : 262 |
Release | : 2017-07-31 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 1783743913 |
Download Ethics for A-Level Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
What does pleasure have to do with morality? What role, if any, should intuition have in the formation of moral theory? If something is ‘simulated’, can it be immoral? This accessible and wide-ranging textbook explores these questions and many more. Key ideas in the fields of normative ethics, metaethics and applied ethics are explained rigorously and systematically, with a vivid writing style that enlivens the topics with energy and wit. Individual theories are discussed in detail in the first part of the book, before these positions are applied to a wide range of contemporary situations including business ethics, sexual ethics, and the acceptability of eating animals. A wealth of real-life examples, set out with depth and care, illuminate the complexities of different ethical approaches while conveying their modern-day relevance. This concise and highly engaging resource is tailored to the Ethics components of AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies, with a clear and practical layout that includes end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, and common mistakes to avoid. It should also be of practical use for those teaching Philosophy as part of the International Baccalaureate. Ethics for A-Level is of particular value to students and teachers, but Fisher and Dimmock’s precise and scholarly approach will appeal to anyone seeking a rigorous and lively introduction to the challenging subject of ethics. Tailored to the Ethics components of AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies.
Author | : Christine M. Korsgaard |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 294 |
Release | : 1996-06-28 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 1107047943 |
Download The Sources of Normativity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Ethical concepts are, or purport to be, normative. They make claims on us: they command, oblige, recommend, or guide. Or at least when we invoke them, we make claims on one another; but where does their authority over us - or ours over one another - come from? Christine Korsgaard identifies four accounts of the source of normativity that have been advocated by modern moral philosophers: voluntarism, realism, reflective endorsement, and the appeal to autonomy. She traces their history, showing how each developed in response to the prior one and comparing their early versions with those on the contemporary philosophical scene. Kant's theory that normativity springs from our own autonomy emerges as a synthesis of the other three, and Korsgaard concludes with her own version of the Kantian account. Her discussion is followed by commentary from G. A. Cohen, Raymond Geuss, Thomas Nagel, and Bernard Williams, and a reply by Korsgaard.