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Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications

Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications
Author: Joel Wuthnow
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Total Pages: 100
Release:
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780160937873

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China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has embarked on its most wide-ranging and ambitious restructuring since 1949, including major changes to most of its key organizations. The restructuring reflects the desire to strengthen PLA joint operation capabilities- on land, sea, in the air, and in the space and cyber domains. The reforms could result in a more adept joint warfighting force, though the PLA will continue to face a number of key hurdles to effective joint operations, Several potential actions would indicate that the PLA is overcoming obstacles to a stronger joint operations capability. The reforms are also intended to increase Chairman Xi Jinping's control over the PLA and to reinvigorate Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organs within the military. Xi Jinping's ability to push through reforms indicates that he has more authority over the PLA than his recent predecessors. The restructuring could create new opportunities for U.S.-China military contacts.


Chinese Military Reforms in the Age of XI Jinping

Chinese Military Reforms in the Age of XI Jinping
Author: National Defense University (US)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2017-05-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9781546580386

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China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has embarked on its most wide-ranging and ambitious restructuring since 1949, including major changes to most of its key organizations. -The general departments were disbanded, new Central Military Commission (CMC) departments created, and a new ground force headquarters established. -Seven military regions were restructured into five theater commands aligned against regional threats. Commanders will be able to develop joint force packages from army, navy, air force, and conventional missile units within their theaters. -PLA service headquarters are transitioning to an exclusive focus on "organize, train, and equip" missions and will no longer have a primary role in conducting operations. However, the PLA is still figuring out how the new relationships among the CMC, services, and theaters will work in practice. The restructuring will also reduce the size of the PLA by 300,000 soldiers, cutting the ground forces and increasing the size of the navy and air force.


China Military Power

China Military Power
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 125
Release: 2019
Genre: China
ISBN: 9780160939723

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Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA

Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA
Author: Phillip Charles Saunders
Publisher:
Total Pages: 784
Release: 2019
Genre: History
ISBN:

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Integral to Xi Jinping's vision of restoring China to greatness--what he defines as the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" [zhonghua minzu weida fuxing, 中华民族伟大复兴]--is building a more modern, capable, and disciplined military. China's economic development, territorial integrity, and even the survival of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) itself cannot be guaranteed without an army that can fight and prevail in modern warfare. Articulating the need for a stronger military, Xi and his colleagues have reflected on periods of Chinese weakness, such as the era of imperial decline in the late 19th century and the Japanese occupation in the 1930s and 1940s. In Xi's words, a "nation's backwardness in military affairs has a profound influence on a nation's security. I often peruse the annals of modern Chinese history and feel heartbroken at the tragic scenes of us being beaten because of our ineptitude." Such humiliations, in his view, should never be repeated.Xi's ambition to reshape and modernize the People's Liberation Army (PLA) has been apparent from his early days as CCP general secretary and Central Military Commission (CMC) chairman. At the third plenum of the 18th Party Congress, held in October 2013, Xi and other Party elites declared their intention to overhaul the military's command structure, update its training and logistics systems, adjust the size and composition of the services, unveil new rules and regulations governing military personnel, and strengthen civil-military cooperation in technological development and other areas.2 In early 2014, Xi assumed leadership of a leading group on military reform, symbolizing his central role in the process. At the group's first meeting, Xi declared that "national defense and military reform are an important part and an important symbol of China's overall reform," noting that the overriding goal was to produce a military that can "fight and win battles."


China’s Incomplete Military Transformation

China’s Incomplete Military Transformation
Author: Michael S. Chase
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Total Pages: 201
Release: 2015-02-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 0833088319

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Through extensive primary source analysis and independent analysis, this report seeks to answer a number of important questions regarding the state of China’s armed forces. The authors found that the PLA is keenly aware of its many weaknesses and is vigorously striving to correct them. Although it is only natural to focus on the PLA’s growing capabilities, understanding the PLA’s weaknesses—and its self-assessments—is no less important.


Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA

Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA
Author: Phillip Charles Saunders
Publisher:
Total Pages: 768
Release: 2019
Genre: China
ISBN:

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Foreign analysts have only begun to explore the contents, drivers, and possible implications of Xi's campaign to restructure the PLA. Many issues remain shrouded in uncertainty and warrant further examination. These include: what impacts the reforms are having on PLA operations, training, and logistics; the prospects for the ground forces as the reforms' nominal biggest loser, as well as the other services; challenges the PLA is facing in cultivating operational commanders; the structure, roles, and missions of the SSF and JLSF; how the downsizing is being carried out, and what impact it might have on social stability; the implications of reform for Party control over, and Xi's influence within, the PLA; whether and how the reforms will improve coordination between the PLA and the civilian science and technology sector; what the implications might be for the defense acquisition process. This volume explores these and other dimensions of China's military reforms as they were planned and implemented between 2013 and 2018.


China's Strategic Support Force

China's Strategic Support Force
Author: John Costello
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 84
Release: 2018-10-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9781727834604

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In late 2015, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) initiated reforms that have brought dramatic changes to its structure, model of warfighting, and organizational culture, including the creation of a Strategic Support Force (SSF) that centralizes most PLA space, cyber, electronic, and psychological warfare capabilities. The reforms come at an inflection point as the PLA seeks to pivot from land-based territorial defense to extended power projection to protect Chinese interests in the "strategic frontiers" of space, cyberspace, and the far seas. Understanding the new strategic roles of the SSF is essential to understanding how the PLA plans to fight and win informationized wars and how it will conduct information operations.


China’s Grand Strategy

China’s Grand Strategy
Author: Andrew Scobell
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Total Pages: 155
Release: 2020-07-27
Genre: History
ISBN: 1977404200

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To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.


China's Other Army

China's Other Army
Author: Joel Wuthnow
Publisher: Independently Published
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2019-04-27
Genre: Paramilitary forces
ISBN: 9781096049180

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Established in 1982, the People’s Armed Police (PAP) is the paramilitary wing of the Chi- nese Communist Party (CCP), with a primary responsibility for maintaining domestic stability and a secondary role in providing rear area support for the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime. e PAP—with a strength of up to a million personnel—also lls a variety of other important roles and missions, such as responding to natural disasters, guarding govern- ment compounds, and participating in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations around the world. For most of its existence, the PAP was under the dual leadership of the Central Military Commission (CMC) and the State Council, with provincial and local o cials granted signi cant latitude over PAP deployments in the event of emergencies. Some e orts to central- ize authority were made during the 1990s and 2000s, but the basic character of the PAP went unchanged for three decades. Under Xi Jinping’s tenure, China has embarked on a series of major reforms to the PAP. is paper explores the key dimensions, drivers, and implications of the PAP reorganization.


Civil-Military Change in China Elites, Institutes, and Ideas after the 16th Party Congress

Civil-Military Change in China Elites, Institutes, and Ideas after the 16th Party Congress
Author: Larry Wortzel
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2004
Genre:
ISBN: 1428910263

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In November 2002, the Chinese Communist Party held its 16th Congress and formally initiated a sweeping turnover of senior leaders in both the Party and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The meeting heralded not merely a new set of personalities in positions of political and military power, but also the emergence of a new generation of leaders. Who are these individuals, and what does their rise mean for the future of China and its military? The group of China specialists who have written this book have applied their research talents, intelligence, and hands-on experience to clarify and explain the most important issues of the day in China. China obviously matters to the United States because of its size, its spectacular patterns of growth, its profound problems linked to rapid growth, and its military intentions. These specialists have avoided the diseases of bias, demagoguery, predispositions, and showmanship, which infect so many of the analyses of China. Rather, they have examined the facts and the trends to explain the divisions and cohesions in the Chinese leadership and their potential significance to the United States and the rest of the world. These annual conferences have a long continuity stretching back to the early 1990s. Hence, there is a common database for the books produced each year. The writers revisit major problems in China's development, particularly in the military sphere. They also examine how Chinese policies have evolved over the years, and how important the United States has been in influencing China's strategy. What, for instance, will the emerging leadership with its factious differences do about Taiwan and North Korea? The conference took place at the Carlisle Barracks in September 19- 21, 2003, and was sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute, the Heritage Foundation and the Army War College. The exchanges were frank, the atmosphere was filled with camaraderie and tension.