Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Characterization Of Steels By Anomalous Small Angle X Ray Scattering PDF full book. Access full book title Characterization Of Steels By Anomalous Small Angle X Ray Scattering.
| Author | : Peter René Jemian |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1990 |
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| ISBN | : |
| Author | : J. Böhmert |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 11 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Embrittlement |
| ISBN | : |
The nature of the irradiation-induced precipitates in the VVER-440-type steel 15Kh2MFA has been investigated by the combination of small angle neutron scattering and anomalous small angle X-ray scattering. Information about the chemical composition of the irradiation-induced precipitates was obtained by the method of contrast variation. ASAXS experiments with variation of the X-ray energy near the energy of the vanadium K-absorption edge prove the content of vanadium within the irradiation-induced precipitates. The scattering density of the precipitates is lower than the scattering density of the iron matrix. The chemical shift of the vanadium-K?-absorption-edge and the results of the variation of the contribution of the magnetic scattering in the SANS experiment show, that vanadium does not precipitate in an elementary state. These results can be explained by assuming the precipitates are vanadium carbide.
| Author | : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 1992 |
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| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
A new method of general applicability for analyzing data from anomalous dispersion small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) measurements is described. ASAXS is used as a contrast variation method to label the scattering from a single element in a complex material containing several types of scatterers. The contrast variation is achieved through the anomalous dispersion of X-rays. Thus only one sample is required for a complete analysis. To label a scatterer by ASAXS, the atomic scattering factor of an element in the sample is varied by the selection of photon energies near the absorption edge of the element. Careful selection of the photon energies allows the contrast of only the labeled scatterer to change. Data from several small-angle scattering measurements, each conducted at a fixed energy, are combined in a single analysis. The gradient method, used as an extension to a standard SAXS data analysis method, is demonstrated by isolating the volume fraction size distribution of Cr23C6 in 9Cr-1 MoVNb steel.
| Author | : Peter Staron |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 490 |
| Release | : 2017-01-03 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3527684514 |
Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.
| Author | : Surender Kumar Sharma |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 613 |
| Release | : 2018-09-18 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319929550 |
This book focuses on the widely used experimental techniques available for the structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterization of materials. Recent developments in a wide range of experimental techniques and their application to the quantification of materials properties are an essential side of this book. Moreover, it provides concise but thorough coverage of the practical and theoretical aspects of the analytical techniques used to characterize a wide variety of functional nanomaterials. The book provides an overview of widely used characterization techniques for a broad audience: from beginners and graduate students, to advanced specialists in both academia and industry.
| Author | : Reza Najjar |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 318 |
| Release | : 2017-07-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 953513325X |
The surfactants are among the materials that have a significant importance in everyday life of human. The rapid growth in science and technology has opened new horizons in a very wide range, in which the surfactants play a major and vital role. Hence, the increasing number of applications as well as arising environmental issues has made this relatively old topic still a hot research theme. In the first section of this book, some of the applications of surfactants in various fields such as biology and petroleum industry, as well as their environmental effects, are described. In Section 2 some experimental techniques used for characterization of the surfactants have been discussed.
| Author | : Sidney Yip |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 2010-04-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1402097417 |
Although computational modeling and simulation of material deformation was initiated with the study of structurally simple materials and inert environments, there is an increasing demand for predictive simulation of more realistic material structure and physical conditions. In particular, it is recognized that applied mechanical force can plausibly alter chemical reactions inside materials or at material interfaces, though the fundamental reasons for this chemomechanical coupling are studied in a material-speci c manner. Atomistic-level s- ulations can provide insight into the unit processes that facilitate kinetic reactions within complex materials, but the typical nanosecond timescales of such simulations are in contrast to the second-scale to hour-scale timescales of experimentally accessible or technologically relevant timescales. Further, in complex materials these key unit processes are “rare events” due to the high energy barriers associated with those processes. Examples of such rare events include unbinding between two proteins that tether biological cells to extracellular materials [1], unfolding of complex polymers, stiffness and bond breaking in amorphous glass bers and gels [2], and diffusive hops of point defects within crystalline alloys [3].
| Author | : H. Brumberger |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 470 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9401584575 |
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Como, Italy, May 12--22, 1993
| Author | : Carl Steefel |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
| Total Pages | : 496 |
| Release | : 2015-09-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1501502077 |
This RiMG (Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry) volume includes contributions that review experimental, characterization, and modeling advances in our understanding of pore-scale geochemical processes. The volume had its origins in a special theme session at the 2015 Goldschmidt Conference in Prague. From a diversity of pore-scale topics that ranged from multi-scale characterization to modeling, this work summarizes the state-of-the-science in this subject. Topics include: modification of thermodynamics and kinetics in small pores. chemo-mechanical processes and how they affect porosity evolution in geological media. small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. how isotopic gradients across fluid–mineral boundaries can develop and how these provide insight into pore-scale processes. Information on an important class of models referred to as "pore network" and much more. The material in this book is accessible for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the earth, material, environmental, hydrological, and biological sciences. The pore scale is readily recognizable to geochemists, and yet in the past it has not received a great deal of attention as a distinct scale or environment that is associated with its own set of questions and challenges. Is the pore scale merely an environment in which smaller scale (molecular) processes aggregate, or are there emergent phenomena unique to this scale? Is it simply a finer-grained version of the "continuum" scale that is addressed in larger-scale models and interpretations? The scale is important because it accounts for the pore architecture within which such diverse processes as multi-mineral reaction networks, microbial community interaction, and transport play out, giving rise to new geochemical behavior that might not be understood or predicted by considering smaller or larger scales alone.
