Changes In The Direct And Indirect Determinants Of Fertility In Sub Saharan Africa PDF Download
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Author | : Kiersten Johnson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 82 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Africa, Sub-Saharan |
ISBN | : |
Download Changes in the Direct and Indirect Determinants of Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Kiersten Johnson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 63 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Fertility, Human |
ISBN | : |
Download Changes in the Direct and Indirect Determinants of Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Etienne Van de Walle |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 88 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : |
Download Fertility Decline in Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Fertility in Africa remains the highest in the world, the average total fertility rate for the continent is about 6.3 children per woman. So far little evidence is found of the beginning of a sustained and irreversible fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) of the sort experienced in other developing areas. Contraceptive use is low (except for spacing purposes and outside of marriage) in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is little evidence that this is due to short supply. Reported ideal family sizes remain quite high suggesting that demand for contraception is low. Analysis of the determinants of fertility in Africa using recently available data is likely to provide new insight into the prospects for fertility decline and the design of population policy. Future analysis should focus on four questions that may be answerable using existing data, and may prove useful in evaluating policy and targeting resources : 1) what are the sources and determinants of observed fertility decline in Africa?; 2) what effects does education have on fertility, family size, and contraceptive use?; 3) what are the likely effects of increases in availability and costs of schooling, health care and family planning services on contraceptive use and fertility? and 4) how will these increases affect measures of child survival, educational attainment and anthropometric status?
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 89 |
Release | : 2016-03-18 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0309381193 |
Download Recent Fertility Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Fertility rates and population growth influence economic development. The marked declines in fertility seen in some developing nations have been accompanied by slowing population growth, which in turn provided a window of opportunity for rapid economic growth. For many sub-Saharan African nations, this window has not yet opened because fertility rates have not declined as rapidly there as elsewhere. Fertility rates in many sub-Saharan African countries are high: the total rate for the region is estimated to be 5.1 births per woman, and rates that had begun to decline in many countries in the region have stalled. High rates of fertility in these countries are likely to contribute to continued rapid population growth: the United Nations projects that the region's population will increase by 1.2 billion by 2050, the highest growth among the regions for which there are projections. In June 2015, the Committee on Population organized a workshop to explore fertility trends and the factors that have influenced them. The workshop committee was asked to explore history and trends related to fertility, proximate determinants and other influences, the status and impact of family planning programs, and prospects for further reducing fertility rates. This study will help donors, researchers, and policy makers better understand the factors that may explain the slow pace of fertility decline in this region, and develop methods to improve family planning in sub-Saharan Africa.
Author | : David Shapiro |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 36 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Women's Education, Infant and Child Mortality, and Fertility Decline in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was the last major world region to experience the fertility decline that all industrialized countries have gone through and that much of the developing world has experienced in large part. It has uniquely high fertility: at present, the United Nations estimates the total fertility rate at 5.1 for SSA, compared to 2.2 for both Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. The ongoing fertility transition in the region has been comparatively slow and subject to stalling. At the same time, women's educational attainment and infant and child mortality have been shown in the demography literature to be important determinants of fertility and fertility decline. Since the 1980s, fertility in sub-Saharan Africa has been falling in many countries while women's school enrollment and educational attainment have been increasing and infant and child mortality for the most part has been declining. Previous research using aggregated data has shown the importance of growth in women's schooling and reduction in infant and child mortality as major factors contributing to fertility decline in the region. This research uses individual-level micro data and a well-known decomposition technique for analyzing differences or changes to quantify the importance of increased women's education and declining infant and child mortality in contributing to the observed declines in fertility in numerous countries. More specifically, this paper examines the quantitative impact of these two factors in sub-Saharan Africa in contributing to the ongoing decline in fertility that has been taking place in the region. Data come from 31 countries, and are from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The methodology is to decompose observed changes in fertility to changes attributable to different factors, including the two key variables of interest - women's education and infant and child mortality - and two control variables, urbanization and age.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 396 |
Release | : 1993-02-01 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0309049423 |
Download Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This overview includes chapters on child mortality, adult mortality, fertility, proximate determinants, marriage, internal migration, international migration, and the demographic impact of AIDS.
Author | : Amson Sibanda |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 562 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Fertility, Human |
ISBN | : |
Download Fertility Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 270 |
Release | : 1995-01-01 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0309176573 |
Download Population Dynamics of Senegal Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume, the last in the series Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, examines key demographic changes in Senegal over the past several decades. It analyzes the changes in fertility and their causes, with comparisons to other sub-Saharan countries. It also analyzes the causes and patterns of declines in mortality, focusing particularly on rural and urban differences.
Author | : John Bongaarts |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 39 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : Fertility, Human |
ISBN | : |
Download The Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Athena Pantazis |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 126 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Fertility, Human |
ISBN | : |
Download Age-specific Fertility Dynamics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Persistent high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa has been of concern to demographers and global health experts for decades. Sub-Saharan African fertility levels and trends are singled out as markedly higher and different than the rest of the world and from what is expected based on historic fertility trends. Global population projections, which indicate continued population growth in sub-Saharan Africa while population stabilizes and declines elsewhere brings renewed focus on African fertility. This dissertation seeks to address some of the challenges to understanding modern fertility regimes and fertility dynamics posed by persistent high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa by examining it in a global, demographic context. Population measures of sterility are traditionally constructed for women, despite fertility and sterility being conditions of the couple. Estimates of male sterility provide insight into population-level sterility and complement estimates based solely on women. Chapter 2 seeks to estimate male sterility for the Gwembe Tonga of Zambia using male birth histories collected by the Gwembe Tonga Research Project from 1957 to 1995, while providing context by estimating female sterility for the Gwembe Tonga as well as female sterility in all of Zambia from Zambian DHS data (1992, 1997, 2001-02, and 2007). Sterility is measured using the Larson-Menken subsequently infertile indicator. Estimates are produced using discrete time event history analysis. The odds of sterility were higher for women than men, though women's odds of sterility were only 1.5 times that of men's in the middle reproductive years. The odds of sterility increased steadily with age for both men and women, and across all datasets. However, women's sterility increased much more sharply with age than men's and women's odds of sterility were higher than men's at all reproductive ages. Chapter 3 aims to understand trends in global fertility from 1950-2010 though the analysis of age-specific fertility rates. This approach incorporates both the overall level, as when the total fertility rate is modeled, and different patterns of age-specific fertility to examine the relationship between changes in age-specific fertility and fertility decline. Singular value decomposition is used to capture the variation in age-specific fertility curves while reducing the number of dimensions, allowing curves to be described nearly fully with three parameters. Regional patterns and trends over time are evident in parameter values, suggesting this method provides a useful tool for considering fertility decline globally. The second and third parameters were analyzed using model-based clustering to examine patterns of age-specific fertility over time and place; four clusters were obtained. A country's demographic transition can be traced through time by membership in the different clusters, with regional patterns in the trajectories through time and with fertility decline. Generally determinants of fertility decline are hypothesized to encourage declines at specific ages as a result of the mechanisms by which these determinants exert influence on fertility. Using the reduced parameterization of age-specific developed in this dissertation, Chapter 4 aims to examine the association of determinants of fertility with age-specific fertility curves to test hypotheses regarding how determinants of fertility decline are associated with age-specific fertility. Results of this analysis corroborate predictions made in the literature about how age-specific fertility is affected by mortality, development, HIV prevalence, women's empowerment, contraception use and urbanization. However, some hypotheses were not born out, notably the association between low mortality and stopping behavior. The evidence indicates that these relationships are not uniform across world regions and that these relationships are different across world regions.