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Central Bank Ratings

Central Bank Ratings
Author: Indranarain Ramlall
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2015-12-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1137524014

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When the global financial crisis broke, central banks in both the US and the UK undertook massive asset purchase programmes which resulted in considerable increase in assets. Cross-border spillover effects were noted across global economies. Balance sheet adjustments may eventually gnaw at the profit-earning capacities of central banks, and in extreme cases, negative equity can manifest. This study investigates a benchmark for comparing central banks. The author employs a unique and large set of metrics to gauge the quality of central banks and presents an argument to reflect upon international best practices. The study uses different criteria including the accounting body, research, presence of stress-testing exercises, inflation-targeting frameworks, staff efficiency, and languages of communication with the public, amongst others. The book begins by providing an overview of central banking, before exploring some stylized facts about central banks in unique detail. It then presents a ratings methodology for worldwide central banks to analyse the results. A backtesting exercise is included to validate the quality of the ratings obtained. The book concludes by offering insights into the comparison of central banks.


The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions

The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions
Author: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2002
Genre: Banks and Banking
ISBN: 9780894991967

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Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.


Making a Modern Central Bank

Making a Modern Central Bank
Author: Harold James
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 569
Release: 2020-09-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1108835015

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This authoritative guide to the transformation of the Bank of England into a modern inflation-targeting independent central bank examines a revolution in monetary and economic policy and the modernization of British institutions in the late twentieth century.


Bankers, Bureaucrats, and Central Bank Politics

Bankers, Bureaucrats, and Central Bank Politics
Author: Christopher Adolph
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 389
Release: 2013-04-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1139620533

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Most studies of the political economy of money focus on the laws protecting central banks from government interference; this book turns to the overlooked people who actually make monetary policy decisions. Using formal theory and statistical evidence from dozens of central banks across the developed and developing worlds, this book shows that monetary policy agents are not all the same. Molded by specific professional and sectoral backgrounds and driven by career concerns, central bankers with different career trajectories choose predictably different monetary policies. These differences undermine the widespread belief that central bank independence is a neutral solution for macroeconomic management. Instead, through careful selection and retention of central bankers, partisan governments can and do influence monetary policy - preserving a political trade-off between inflation and real economic performance even in an age of legally independent central banks.


Central Banking 101

Central Banking 101
Author: Joseph Wang
Publisher: Joseph Wang
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2020-01-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0999136755

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Central banking is magic. With a few words, the Fed can lift the stock market out of desperation and catapult it towards euphoric highs. With a few keystrokes, the Fed can conjure up trillions of dollars and fund virtually unlimited Federal spending. And with a few poor decisions, the Fed can plunge the entire world into a recession. The Federal Reserve is one of the most powerful institutions in the world, and also one of the most difficult to understand. The Fed acts through its Open Markets Desk, which sits at the heart of the global financial system as the world’s ultimate and limitless provider of dollars. On behalf of policy makers, the Desk gathers market intelligence from all the major market participants, sifts through reams of internal data, and works behind the scenes keep the financial system intact. It is responsible for all of the Fed's market operations, from trillions in quantitative easing to hundreds of billions in repo and FX-swap loans. The financial crises of 2008 and 2020 abated only through the emergency interventions of the Desk. Joseph Wang spent five years studying the monetary system as a trader on the Desk. From that vantage point, Joseph saw firsthand how the Fed operates and how the financial system really works. This book is a distillation of his experience that aims to educate and demystify. After reading this book, you will understand how money is created, how the global dollar system is structured, and how it all fits into the broader financial system. The views in this book do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.


Do Central Banks Need Capital?

Do Central Banks Need Capital?
Author: Mr.Peter Stella
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 40
Release: 1997-07-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451850506

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Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.


Escape from the Central Bank Trap, Second Edition

Escape from the Central Bank Trap, Second Edition
Author: Daniel Lacalle
Publisher: Business Expert Press
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2019-09-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1949443698

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This book is about realistic solutions for the threat of zero-interest rates and excessive liquidity. Central banks do not print growth. The financial crisis was much more than the result of an excess of risk. The same policies that created each subsequent bust are the ones that have been implemented in recent years. This book is about realistic solutions for the threat of zero-interest rates and excessive liquidity. The United States needs to take the first step, defending sound money and a balanced budget, recovering the middle-class by focusing on increasing disposable income. The rest will follow. Our future should not be low growth and high debt. Cheap money becomes very expensive in the long run. There is an escape from the central bank trap.


Sovereign Credit Ratings and Central Banks

Sovereign Credit Ratings and Central Banks
Author: Cristina Bodea
Publisher:
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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Credit rating agencies have been an important determinant of countries' cost of capital in the last couple of decades. This paper studies the effect of the governance of modern central banks on the ratings assigned by the credit rating agencies Standard and Poor's and Moody's. Until recently, the rating process was not public. Even still, the factors or precise methodologies used by the agencies remain uncertain. We argue that the independence and transparency of central banks are important to the overall risk of repayment. This is because both features are signals of high quality institutional governance, which credit rating agencies link to willingness and ability to repay. We suggest that both independence and transparency have the potential to improve economic and political stability, and, therefore improve countries' credit rating. On the other hand, we argue that open conflict between the central bank and the government, reflected in loss of employment for top central bank officials, should have the opposite effect.


Unelected Power

Unelected Power
Author: Paul Tucker
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 662
Release: 2019-09-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0691196303

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Tucker presents guiding principles for ensuring that central bankers and other unelected policymakers remain stewards of the common good.


Should Unconventional Balance Sheet Policies Be Added to the Central Bank toolkit? a Review of the Experience so Far

Should Unconventional Balance Sheet Policies Be Added to the Central Bank toolkit? a Review of the Experience so Far
Author: Mr.Mark R. Stone
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 72
Release: 2011-06-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1455268461

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What is the case for adding the unconventional balance sheet policies used by major central banks since 2007 to the standard policy toolkit? The record so far suggests that the new liquidity providing policies in support of financial stability generally warrant inclusion. As the balance sheet policies aimed at macroeconomic stability were used only by a small number of highly credible central banks facing a lower bound constraint on conventional interest rate policy, they are not relevant for most central banks or states of the world. Best practices of these policies are documented in this paper.