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This report: (1) identifies the main policies, objectives, and thrusts in the health manpower development (HMD) program of the World Health Organization (WHO); (2) identifies factors influencing or determining these policies, and examines how they have shaped the HMD program; (3) investigates how policy changes and achievements in health manpower development in the WHO Member States could be correlated with HMD policies and programs in WHO; and (4) draws conclusions for the formulation of policies and programs for WHO for the near and long-term future. Part One of the report starts with a review of the background of organized international health activities and the birth of WHO. The structure and functions of WHO are described along with the administrative evolution of activities related to the education of health personnel and the development of health manpower. Part Two discusses the development of HMD activities under the state priorities of WHO: (1) greater supplies of conventional health personnel; (2) improved personnel standards and academic excellence; (3) international standards and migratory freedom; (4) health personnel to serve all people; (5) efficient training and performance of health personnel; (6) preparation for future requirements; (7) training of appropriate personnel for local health needs; and (8) health service needs determining manpower developments. Part Three examines all HMD activities as observed in six countries (Ethiopia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Gabon, Costa Rica, Barbados). A description of overall world trends in HMD is presented with an analysis of the extent of the relationship between health manpower resources and the health status of the national population. The estimated impact of WHO on national health manpower developments is assessed. Part Four summarizes the findings reported in the previous chapters. (JD)