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Causes and Effects of Coastal Hpyoxia Worldwide

Causes and Effects of Coastal Hpyoxia Worldwide
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1997
Genre: Marine eutrophication
ISBN:
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Synthesis of literature pertaining to benthic hypoxia and anoxia (Diaz and Rosenberg, 1995) revealed that community and population responses to low dissolved oxygen stress were similar across all ecosystems and followed a hierarchical pattern. The occurrence of hypoxia and anoxia is expanding with significant structural and functional changes in affected benthic communities. Benthic-pelagic coupling is also adversely affected. No other environmental variable of such ecological importance to coastal marine ecosystems around the world has changed so drastically in such a short period as dissolved oxygen. While hypoxic and anoxic environments have existed through geological time, their occurrence in shallow coastal and estuarine areas appears to be increasing, most likely accelerated by human activities. The oxygen budgets of most major coastal ecosystems have been adversely affected mainly through the process of eutrophication, which acts as an accelerant or enhancing factor to hypoxia and anoxia. Many ecosystems that are now severely stressed by hypoxia appear to be near or at a threshold of imminent collapse (loss of fisheries, loss of biodiversity, lower system ascendancy). This text is in PDF format.

Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems

Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems
Author: Jesper H. Andersen
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2012-03-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789400730366
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Coastal eutrophication has been and still remains an important issue for the scientific community. Despite many efforts to mitigate coastal eutrophication, the problems associated with eutrophication are still far from being solved. This book focusses on the most recent scientific results in relation to specific eutrophication issues, e.g. definition(s) and causes; nutrient loads, cycling and limitation; reference conditions, primary effects and secondary effects; trend reversal (oligotrophication), as well as links to other pressures (climate change and top/down control). It also focusses on monitoring and modelling of coastal eutrophication, and adaptive and science-based nutrient management strategies. The book is based on selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems, held 20-23 June 2006 in Nyborg, Denmark.

Coastal Hypoxia

Coastal Hypoxia
Author: Nancy N. Rabalais
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2001-01-09
Genre: Nature
ISBN:
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Hypoxia occurs when dissolved oxygen falls below the level necessary to sustain most animal life, often due to fertilizer run-off. This volume reviews how the expanding hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico has affected living resources in the Louisiana/Texas shelf. Topics of the 23 chapters include impacts of changing Si/N ratios and phytoplankton species composition, the effect of hypoxia and anoxia on the supply and settlement of benthic invertebrate larvae, and ecological effects of hypoxia in fish, sea turtles, and marine mammals. c. Book News Inc.

Marine Mussels

Marine Mussels
Author: Elizabeth Gosling
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 892
Release: 2021-12-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119293901
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A comprehensive volume providing broad and detailed coverage of marine mussels Marine Mussels: Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Culture provides readers with in-depth, fully up-to-date information on all major aspects of marine mussels. Written by an internationally renowned expert in the field, this authoritative volume addresses morphology, ecology, ­feeding, phylogeny and evolution, reproduction and larval development, settlement and recruitment, genetics, disease, management of culture systems and more. The book encompasses many different species of marine mussels: genus Mytilus, other important commercial marine genera such as Perna, Aulacomya and Choromytilus, and non-commercial genera including Modiolus, Geukensia, Brachidontes and hydrothermal vent Bathymodiolus. Comprising twelve extensively cross-referenced chapters, the book discusses a diversity of integrated topics that range from fundamental physiology of marine mussels to new techniques being applied in their biology and ecology. Author Elizabeth Gosling reviews contemporary developments and issues in the field such as the use of DNA genetic markers in detecting and diagnosing different strains of pathogenic bacteria, the use of mussels as monitors of marine contaminants, sophisticated modelling techniques that simulate disease and forecast outbreaks, and the impacts of global warming, ocean acidification and hypoxia on marine mussels. Presenting an inclusive, highly detailed treatment of mussel biology, physiology, genetics, and culture, this invaluable resource: Contains thorough descriptions of external and internal anatomy, global and local distribution patterns, the impacts of mussels on marine ecosystems, and the processes of circulation, respiration, excretion and osmoregulation Reflects significant advances in mussel science and new areas of research in marine mussels Describes the fundamentals of mussel aquaculture, the types and levels of contaminants in the marine environment and new approaches for sustainable aquaculture development Discusses the application of genetic methods, population genetics, global breeding programmes and the emerging area of bivalve genomics Addresses the role of mussels in disease transmission to humans, including production and processing controls, regulation of monitoring and quality control Marine Mussels: Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Culture is essential reading for biological scientists, researchers, instructors and advanced students in the fields of biology, ecology, aquaculture, environmental science, toxicology, genetics, pathology, taxonomy and public health.

Clean Coastal Waters

Clean Coastal Waters
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 422
Release: 2000-08-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309069483
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Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

Ocean Acidification

Ocean Acidification
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2010-09-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 030916155X
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The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.

Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control

Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control
Author: Abid A. Ansari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2010-10-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9048196256
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Eutrophication continues to be a major global challenge to water quality scientists. The global demand on water resources due to population increases, economic development, and emerging energy development schemes has created new environmental challenges to global sustainability. Eutrophication, causes, consequences, and control provides a current account of many important aspects of the processes of natural and accelerated eutrophication in major aquatic ecosystems around the world. The connections between accelerated eutrophication and climate change, chemical contamination of surface waters, and major environmental and ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems are discussed. Water quality changes typical of eutrophication events in major climate zones including temperate, tropical, subtropical, and arid regions are included along with current approaches to treat and control increased eutrophication around the world. The book provides many useful new insights to address the challenges of global increases in eutrophication and the increasing threats to biodiversity and water quality.

Vital Signs 1998-1999

Vital Signs 1998-1999
Author: Lester R. Brown
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2014-04-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1134185944
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First Published in 1998. In this seventh annual edition of VITAL SIGNS the team at the Worldwatch Institute bring together an eclectic selection of disparate trends to offer a unique, multifaceted view of our rapidly changing world. This vital resource and reference guide traces the scientific, social, economic and environmental trends that have and continue to shape our world. Among the trends covered for the first time in VITAL SIGNS 1998-99, are frontier forests, plantation forestry, satellite launches, minerals exploration, small arms proliferation and female education. This year's edition points out that global emissions of carbon, the leading contributor to global climate change, hit another new high, while wind power has grown an amazing 26 per cent per year, and sales of solar cells jumped a phenomenal 43 per cent in 1997. VITAL SIGNS is the most comprehensive source of environmental and social information available.

Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution

Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution
Author: Andres Hugo Arias
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2020-03-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 135133753X
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During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the ocean, sea and coastal areas show varying degrees of impact from the multiple human activities carried out in the terrestrial as well as in the aquatic environment. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between organisms and the surrounding environment and in the modern era, the marine world is getting increasing attention. For centuries it has been the final reservoir of human garbage; later it became an oil farm with a concomitant increase of coastal population growth and unplanned growth of the fishing industry and the increasing use of sea routes for cargo transport and recreational uses (cruises). All this led to rising contamination with negative effects on biota and even human health. It is then imperative to know the current situation of the world's oceans: that is the main purpose of this book, to document at a glance the latest research in the field of ocean pollution.