Calcium-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellum
Author | : Michael Hideki Myoga |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Michael Hideki Myoga |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : James M. Bower |
Publisher | : Springer Verlag |
Total Pages | : 440 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : |
This title introduces and guides the reader through Genesis, a simulation and modeling software tool that is delivered on-line via the Internet from a California Institute of Technology file server. It contains a contribution of models and simulations, plus step-by-step tutorials. 50 illustrations. Approx.
Author | : Paul J. Cordo |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 78 |
Release | : 1997-11-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780521597050 |
This book is concerned with the involvement of the cerebellum in learning and remembering motor tasks. It is unique in discussing plasticity at both the cellular and at the behavioral level.
Author | : Antonius M. VanDongen |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 2008-10-29 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 142004415X |
The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written
Author | : Hongik Hwang |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 122 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Synaptic plasticity serves as a central molecular mechanism underlying learning and memory formation in the brain. An increase in intracellular calcium concentrations triggered by neuronal activity induces synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin is a key protein that detects the elevated calcium levels and propagates downstream signaling. Neurogranin is a neuron-specific protein that binds to calmodulin and regulates the availability of calmodulin in the postsynaptic compartments of excitatory neurons. Dysregulation of neurogranin has been reported to cause altered synaptic plasticity as well as impairment in hippocampus-dependent learning, and is also associated with the higher risk of developing neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Therefore, it is critical to understand how neurogranin regulates the induction of synaptic plasticity in the brain at the molecular level. The focus of this thesis is to examine how the changes in neurogranin expression levels contribute to the induction of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus with a spike-timing-dependent plasticity paradigm and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using lentivirus-mediated manipulations of neurogranin levels in hippocampal CAl neurons, we found that increasing neurogranin levels in CAI neurons prolongs the timing window for spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas acute knockdown of neurogranin inhibits the expression of LTP via regulating PP2B activity. We have also found that neurogranin interferes with calcium-dependent inactivation of neuronal L-type calcium channels and allows a sustained influx of calcium during the membrane depolarization in hippocampal neurons. Our results indicate that dynamic changes in neurogranin levels play a crucial role in setting the threshold for inducing LTP in spike-timing-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus.
Author | : Henry Markram |
Publisher | : Frontiers E-books |
Total Pages | : 575 |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 2889190439 |
Hebb's postulate provided a crucial framework to understand synaptic alterations underlying learning and memory. Hebb's theory proposed that neurons that fire together, also wire together, which provided the logical framework for the strengthening of synapses. Weakening of synapses was however addressed by "not being strengthened", and it was only later that the active decrease of synaptic strength was introduced through the discovery of long-term depression caused by low frequency stimulation of the presynaptic neuron. In 1994, it was found that the precise relative timing of pre and postynaptic spikes determined not only the magnitude, but also the direction of synaptic alterations when two neurons are active together. Neurons that fire together may therefore not necessarily wire together if the precise timing of the spikes involved are not tighly correlated. In the subsequent 15 years, Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) has been found in multiple brain brain regions and in many different species. The size and shape of the time windows in which positive and negative changes can be made vary for different brain regions, but the core principle of spike timing dependent changes remain. A large number of theoretical studies have also been conducted during this period that explore the computational function of this driving principle and STDP algorithms have become the main learning algorithm when modeling neural networks. This Research Topic will bring together all the key experimental and theoretical research on STDP.
Author | : David R. Riddle |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 408 |
Release | : 2007-04-19 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781420005523 |
Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur
Author | : Egidio D'Angelo |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 324 |
Release | : 2016-04-29 |
Genre | : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry |
ISBN | : 288919826X |
During the last decades, investigations on the olivo-cerebellar system have attained a high level of sophistication, which led to redefinitions of several structural and functional properties of neurons, synapses, connections and circuits. Research has expanded and deepened in so many directions and so many theories and models have been proposed that an ensemble review of the matter is now needed. Yet, hot topics remain open and scientific discussion is very lively at several fronts. One major question, here as well as in other major brain circuits, is how single neurons and synaptic properties emerge at the network level and contribute to behavioural regulation via neuronal plasticity. Other major aspects that this Research Topic covers and discusses include the development and circuit organization of the olivo-cerebellar network, the established and recent theories of learning and motor control, and the emerging role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing. By touching on such varied and encompassing subjects, this Frontiers Special Topic aims to highlight the state of the art and stimulate future research. We hope that this unique collection of high-quality articles from experts in the field will provide scientists with a powerful basis of knowledge and inspiration to enucleate the major issues deserving further attention.
Author | : Thiago Matos Pinto |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 2007-04-17 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 1420008412 |
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq