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Budgeting: Approaches and shortcomings

Budgeting: Approaches and shortcomings
Author: Roman Hinka
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2005-06-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 363838845X
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Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Controlling, grade: 2,0, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), language: English, abstract: The present paper purposes to highlight two most well known approaches to budgeting, specifically classical and zero-base budgeting. In last years there is much criticism blaming shortcomings of the both. However, such treatment seems to be biased without deep penetration in the nature of budgeting systems. The paper does not intend to summarise information about approaches to budgeting, but rather to explore system specific features that bring the shortcomings about. The paper is composed in the way not to contrast the approaches, that is to show the superiority of one of them, but to draw a profile of the approach with respect to selected criteria. The criteria, introduced in the first chapter, reflect major requirements to the budgeting systems from managerial point of view. They encompass integrity of budget allowances, adherence to strategy, impact on employees behaviour, flexibility and efficiency. Owing to scarce capacity the paper omits aspects specific to management and organization but still affecting the performance of the budgeting approaches. These are, for example, organization of planning process (bottom-up, top-down, etc), corporate culture, incentive structure, degree of activity formalization, management style, etc. The second and third chapter discuss instantaneously performance of classical and zero-base budgeting respectively. Analysis begins with brief description of most important features of the approaches and concentrates extensively on how respective approach meets the requirements. Finally, there will be discussed the most suitable type of production which makes up in part for disclosed shortcomings.

Budgeting Basics & Beyond

Budgeting Basics & Beyond
Author: Jae K. Shim
Publisher: Prentice Hall Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1994
Genre: Budget in business
ISBN: 9780133122329
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Here, at last, is a complete, easy-to-follow guide for nonfinancial managers who need practical, hands-on help preparing budgets and solving budgeting problems. Budgeting Basics and Beyond: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide for Nonfinancial Managers makes it easy for managers with little or no budgeting experience to prepare and analyze budget information - and build the knowledge and skills needed to handle increasingly complex budgeting issues. Step-by-step, the guide discusses what budgets are, how they work, how to prepare and present them, and how to monitor actual results against budget figures. It shows you how to employ financial modeling techniques in the budgeting process; get the most out of the most current software, including Lotus 1-2-3 and specialized plans such as Simplan; use budgeting as an effective tool to reduce departmental expenses through planning and control; project sales, costs, and cash flow with easy-to-use forecasting techniques; evaluate the difference between actual and budgeted revenue and costs to improve efficiency; identify problem budget areas and take corrective action; select the best long-term alternative investment proposal using capital budgeting techniques; and much more. Best of all, Budgeting Basics and Beyond comes with a work-saving disk that features a number of Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet templates. It also outlines budgeting approaches by area of manager responsibility, including marketing, production, engineering, personnel, purchasing, and others, and includes illuminating "what if" analyses throughout. Packed with case studies, illustrations, exhibits, checklists, examples, tables, and graphs, Budgeting Basics and Beyond is a truly valuableresource guaranteed to make the budgeting process effective and hassle-free for all nonfinancial managers who use it.

Government Budgeting and Financial Management in Practice

Government Budgeting and Financial Management in Practice
Author: Gerald J. Miller
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 358
Release: 2017-09-25
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1351565095
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The right turn in U. S. politics has increased conflict over both ends and means in government budgeting and financial management. Overlapping and competing views of the way the world works drive finance officials’ practice. Taking a new look at public financial management that acknowledges the multiple, competing realities, Government Budgeting and Financial Management in Practice: Logics to Make Sense of Ambiguity examines transaction cost economics and other small government, managed-by-the-market techniques as the latest reincarnation of public budgeting and financial management orthodoxy. Gerald J. Miller reviews new research on the continuing validity of the political dimension of government finance decisions and the multiple, intensely argued constructions of reality the finance official must make sense of. Miller discusses major advances in interpretive approaches to budgeting and finance and how they dominate writing in the broader field of public administration. He also examines the effects of the explosion of information systems, new budget techniques, nonconventional ways of spending, and new technologies. The book uses a question as the motivating force to understand some facets of today’s government budgeting, finance, and financial management: where do the critical assumptions come from to drive financial management? Miller takes the history of reform, developments in the field and the logics finance officials say they use as sources for these assumptions and examines what they reveal about constructions of the government finance world. Exploring new avenues of financial management thinking, the book discusses ambiguity and interpretations that move the unclear preferences, ends, and goals toward consensus. The author identifies an alternative approach to research that explains important facets of financial management. This approach is drawn directly from practice, events and problems in public organizations and from the creedal bent of many political actors in competition.

Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management

Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management
Author: Mr.Jack Diamond
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 84
Release: 1999-07-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781557757876
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Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.

Budgets and Financial Management in Higher Education

Budgets and Financial Management in Higher Education
Author: Margaret J. Barr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2018-01-31
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1119287731
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This book will help new administrators (department chairs, directors, deans) understand and become more proficient in their financial management role within the institution. Highly accessible, practitioners will be able to put the book's guidance to immediate use in their work. It is also grounded in the latest knowledge base and filled with examples from across all types of institutions, so that it makes an ideal text for a courses in graduate programs in higher education leadership and administration. Specifically, the book: • provides an understanding of the basics of budgeting and fiscal management in higher education • defines the elements of a budget, the budget cycle, and the steps for creating a budget • suggests ways of avoiding common pitfalls and problems of managing budgets • contains effective strategies for dealing with loss of resources • includes end-of-chapter reflection questions and an expanded glossary of terms Written in plain language this volume provides practical approaches to many complex problems in fiscal management. This new edition of the book contains new information in every chapter reflecting both the most recent developments in higher education and feedback from readers of the earlier edition. The information on the current higher education financial environment has been updated, and the case studies have been revised. Readers will be introduced to Bowen's theory of resources and expenses as an important way to understand budgetary decision making in colleges and universities. Special attention is paid to the use of restricted funds, the budget implications of faculty appointments and the challenges caused by personnel policies for staff. In addition, greater attention is given to development and implementation of repair and replacement programs in auxiliary enterprises. The challenges that arise when budget problems are postponed are also discussed. The volume contains a number of suggestions for practitioners with new budgeting and fiscal responsibilities.

Acquisitions, Budgets, and Material Costs

Acquisitions, Budgets, and Material Costs
Author: Sul H Lee
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 184
Release: 2013-10-18
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 1317951174
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In times of tight materials budgets, steeply rising prices, and rapidly expanding information formats, library professionals will appreciate the valuable insights into acquisitions processes and management of material costs that are offered in this practical new book. Respected librarians and vendor representatives contributed to this volume--the published proceedings of a recent conference held at the University of Oklahoma. These experts examine approval plans, including a new approach for the publisher-based plan; the impact of inflation, including the increasing costs of titles in selected subject disciplines, causes for the costs, and ramifications for libraries and suppliers; and the process of materials budgeting from the collection of data to the justification of the budget. With increasing demands on librarians to find better budget management strategies and to develop more effective material acquisition processes, an environment has evolved in which librarians and book vendors are forced to examine their methods of acquiring and supplying materials to libraries. Acquisitions, Budgets, and Material Costs: Issues and Approaches provides librarians with readily applicable solutions to today’s acquisition problems.

GUIDE BOOK TO PLANNING - A COMMON SENSE APPROACH

GUIDE BOOK TO PLANNING - A COMMON SENSE APPROACH
Author: Robert M. Donnelly
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Total Pages: 147
Release: 2006-05-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1450045049
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Any book on planning has to be easy to read and full of examples on how to do it with forms and illustrations. That is exactly what this book is and why it is called a “guidebook”. The fact that most people do not plan well is well documented by the demographics of the population and the economic situation that a growing senior population is faced with now due to poor planning or no planning earlier in their lives. Since company’s are run by people they exhibit the idiosyncrasies of the people who run them. Many company’s do not have strategic plans or operating plans. Some firms do not even have a budget and operate on a day-by-day basis. The obvious result of this is crisis management, cash flow problems and the constant risk of going out of business. Many company’s both large and small have disappeared due to the lack of a plan and this has been well documented in the business press. Managers do not have a plan for their business because they do not have a plan for themselves. Planning is not something that we are born with a natural ability to do well, or in many cases - at all. Planning is a learned skill and their is a need for simple step-by-step guides which is what this book is about. It has been written as a result of years of experience that the author has had working with hundreds of company’s. The foundation for the book is a process that the author calls the “Plan-for-Planning” - a five step exercise that he has used to help managers build business plans for their company’s. It is a proven formula that has resulted in increased profitability, operational efficiencies and the optimization of the overall allocation of resources for the author’s clients. It also has been the basis for the development of executive level seminars by the author that have been promoted and implemented by BUSINESS WEEK and Inc. Magazine domestically, and Frost & Sullivan internationally. The initial publication of this book was by Inc. as a result of the success of the seminar series for their audience - growing firms. Articles have been written about the Plan-for-Planning process and it has been instrumental in the development of business plans that have resulted in company’s being sold for a premium to the shareholders as a result of the quality of the business planning process. The book has been used by many managers and in some cases continues to be a reference guide for the new businesses that they have become involved with. It is really an easy to use guide for developing a business/strategic plan for any business.

The Incorporation of Alternative Budgeting Methods Relative to the Use of the Traditional Budgeting Method

The Incorporation of Alternative Budgeting Methods Relative to the Use of the Traditional Budgeting Method
Author: Adele Meintjies
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:
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The purpose of this study is to determine alternative ways of controlling costs that are more reliable, updated and useful than traditional budgeting. To identify the advantages and disadvantages of the budgeting process. To determine whether a South African company combines different planning methods to suit its specific planning needs. To determine how key performance drivers for planning purposes are chosen in the event that the company makes use of key performance drivers. Finally, to determine the relevance of traditional budgeting when combined with alternative planning methods for a South African company. This study should contribute greatly to how unique the budgeting process has become in the modern economy. Unlike previous studies that only focussed on abandoning budgets completely or on alternative methods, this study will investigate the use of the traditional budget in conjunction with alternative planning and the extent of alternative planning methods being used. As far as it could be determined, this will be the first study of the implementation of alternative budgeting in conjunction with the traditional budget in a South African context. The study will also make a unique contribution by investigating new combinations of planning techniques used by a South African company. For this mixed-method study, one single case was selected for an in-depth analysis of the budgeting process. Data was collected by means of questionnaires that were given to all participants of the budgeting process and a once off face-to-face in-depth interview with the CFO of the company. It was concluded that the budgeting process is unique for this South African company. It includes various alternative planning methods used in conjunction with the annual budgeting process. Disadvantages and advantages of the budgeting process were discussed as found form previous research and from the current study. Alternative methods of planning used by the company in conjunction to the traditional budget were identified and discussed. Further research in a South African context would prove very interesting on the unique budgeting processes implemented by South African companies today.

Quantitative methods in budgeting

Quantitative methods in budgeting
Author: C.B. Tilanus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 180
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1461343739
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C. B. TILANUS, EDITOR This book tries to strengthen the ties between, on the one hand, the business administration and accounting world and, on the other, the operational research and management science world. The readership for which it is intended consists ofthe following categories: managers and professionals in organizational departments of business administration, management science, automatic data processing, etc. ; management and operational research consultants; and students in academic departments of business administration, business economics, operational research, information systems, industrial engineering, etc. The book deals with the quantitative approach. to budgeting problems. Budgeting in this text is defined as the making of a financial, short-term plan for an organization. The budget is financial. Although volumes and prices play their part, the budget is finally expressed in terms of amounts of money thus allowing of the well-known two-way counting and balancing of double bookkeeping. (Whether items appear twice on the assets and liabili ties sides of balances, or are counted twice in the rows and columns of a matrix is immaterial. ) The budget is short-term. It is a detailed, quantitative plan of action in the near future. In this sense, budgeting is opposed to strategic planning which considers the course of action to be taken in the medium and long term. Strategic planning is of a more aggregative, qualita tive nature than is budgeting. The budget is a plan for an organization, and as such it is complete.

Budget Issues

Budget Issues
Author: Christine E. Bonham
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 225
Release: 1998-06
Genre:
ISBN: 0788170430
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Reviews the budget treatment of federal insurance programs, assesses whether the current cash-based budget provides complete information on the government's cost, & whether accrual concepts could be used to improve these programs. Identifies potential approaches for using accrual concepts in the budget for insurance programs; highlights trade-offs among different approaches, including the current cash-based treatment; discusses potential implementation issues such as cost estimation; & makes recommendations for Congressional consideration. Charts & tables.