British And American Women At Work
Author | : Shirley Dex |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 173 |
Release | : 1986-07-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1349182672 |
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Author | : Shirley Dex |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 173 |
Release | : 1986-07-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1349182672 |
Author | : Mar Hicks |
Publisher | : MIT Press |
Total Pages | : 354 |
Release | : 2018-02-23 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 0262535181 |
This “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.
Author | : Katherine Skaris |
Publisher | : Cambridge Scholars Publishing |
Total Pages | : 187 |
Release | : 2018-07-26 |
Genre | : Literary Criticism |
ISBN | : 1527514277 |
This volume is a comprehensive and transatlantic literary study of women’s nineteenth-and-twentieth-century fiction. Firstly, it introduces and explores the concept of women’s affective labour, and examines literary representations of this work in British and American fiction written by women between 1848 and 1915. Secondly, it revives largely ignored texts by the “scribbling women” of Britain and America, such as Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Mona Caird, and Mary Hunter Austin, and rereads established authors, such as Elizabeth Gaskell, Kate Chopin, and Edith Wharton, to demonstrate how all these works provide valuable insights into women’s lives in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Finally, by adopting the lens of affective labour, the study explores the ways in which women were portrayed as striving for self-fulfilment through forms of emotional, mental, and creative endeavours that have not always been fully appreciated as ‘work’ in critical accounts of nineteenth-and-twentieth-century fiction.
Author | : Mary Drake McFeely |
Publisher | : Boston, Mass. : G.K. Hall |
Total Pages | : 176 |
Release | : 1982 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Janet Greenlees |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 260 |
Release | : 2017-03-02 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1351936735 |
Britain and America were the first two countries with mechanised cotton manufacturing industries, the first major factory systems of production and the first major employers of women outside of the domestic environment. The combination of being new wage earners in the first trans-national industry and their public prominence as workers makes these women's role as employees significant; they set the early standard for women as waged labour, to which later female workers were compared. This book analyses how women workers influenced patterns of industrial organization and offers a new perspective on relationships between gender and work and on industrial development. The primary theme of the study is the attempt to control the work process through co-operation, coercion and conflict between women workers, their male counterparts and manufacturers. Drawing upon examples of women's subversive activities and attitudes toward the discourses of labour, the book emphasizes the variety of women's work experiences. By using this diversity of experience in a comparative way, the book reaches conclusions that challenge a variety of historical concepts, including separate spheres of influence for men and women and related economic theories, for example that women were passive players in the workplace, evolutionary theories with respect to industrial development, and business culture within and between the two industries. Overall it provides the fresh approach that highlights and explains women's agency as operatives and paid workers during industrialization.
Author | : Elizabeth M. Meehan |
Publisher | : New York : St. Martin's Press |
Total Pages | : 274 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : Sex discrimination in employment |
ISBN | : 9780312887933 |
On women's rights
Author | : Nan Bowman Albinski |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 244 |
Release | : 2019-11-21 |
Genre | : Literary Criticism |
ISBN | : 1000734765 |
Utopian writing offers a fascinating panorama of social visions; and the related forms of dystopia and anti-utopian satire extend this into the range of social nightmares. Originally published in 1988, this comparative study of utopian fiction by British and American women writers demonstrates the continuity of a well-established, but little-known, tradition, emphasising its range and diversity, and providing ample evidence of women’s aspirations and documenting the restrictions and exclusions in private and public life that their novels challenge. Historically, the growth of each national tradition is traced in relation to social and political movements, particularly the suffrage movement and contemporary feminism. Comparatively, the quite different responses of British and American women to what are in many instances the same social problems are examine in the light of changing expectations. Definitions of human nature and gender relationships are assessed on a nature/culture continuum as a means of understanding this change. Women’s attitudes to their social and political roles, their working lives, to sexuality, marriage and the family are reflected in their visions of fruitful change; and so also is the impact of two world wars, socialism and fascism, the debate on peaceful uses of nuclear energy and fears of a nuclear holocaust.
Author | : Lynette Carpenter |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 2015-01-28 |
Genre | : Literary Criticism |
ISBN | : 131794352X |
Originally published in 1998 and covering a tradition ignored by most critics, this bibliography assembles and documents a large body of supernatural fiction written by women in English from the end of the 18th century to the present. These stories, the work of women whose literary reputations, personal histories, and bodies of work vary widely, challenge the narrow way in which supernatural literature has traditionally been regarded: they indicate a much richer and more complex set of literary responses to the supernatural than has been hitherto acknowledged. The writers included range from Ann Radcliffe and the Gothic novelists to Louisa May Alcott, Charlotte Gilman, and Edith Wharton to such modern writers as Elizabeth Bowen, Jean Rhys, Muriel Spark, and A.S. Byatt. The volume will be of interest to literary and cultural historians and of particular importance to women's studies scholars.
Author | : Audrey Hunt |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 255 |
Release | : 1988-07-04 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1349192937 |
Author | : Hediye Özkan |
Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
Total Pages | : 189 |
Release | : 2022-10-31 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1666923850 |
Marginalized Women and Work in 20th- and 21st-Century British and American Literature and Media examines the intricate relationship between marginalized women and work through critical essays about representations of women’s work in non-canonical literary writings, mass media, and popular culture. Covering a broad range of texts including Paule Marshall’s fiction, Natasha Trethewey’s poetry, and the Netflix series Self Made: Inspired by the Life of Madam C.J. Walker, among others, this collection takes an intersectional approach in order to shed light on the definition and meaning of marginalized women's work and the value of their labor in the capitalistic economic systems of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.