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Blood Cells, Rheology and Aging

Blood Cells, Rheology and Aging
Author: Dieter Platt
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 242
Release: 1988
Genre: Medical
ISBN:
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In the third Erlangen-Nuremberg symposium on experimental geronto logy we discussed the effect of aging on blood cells and rheology. Most studies with red cells have been performed on humans, rats, and rabbits. All these erythrocytes have no nucleus; the cells are therefore a model in which new synthesis of proteins is impossible. All the processes are age dependent except for exchange with the plasma. Investigations of red cells have attracted attention because of the latter's availability in large quantities from biochemists, physiologists, immunologists, and micro scopists. We now have a relative abundance of data on the biochemical and immunologic composition as well as on the ultrastructure of the cells. The second topic under discussion at the symposium was the immune system and cell receptors. One of the most apparent features of aging of the organism is progressive dysregulation of the immune system. As a result, the incidence of infection, cancer, and autoimmune and immune complex diseases increases. While we have a lot of new data on the function and differentiation of lymphoid cells, we have little informa tion on lymphocyte receptors during the aging process. Rheologic studies reflect changes in red cell deformability and blood coagulation. The erythrocyte deformability influences blood flow in all parts of the circulation. The fluidity of the red cell membranes controls whole blood viscosity. During aging, there are significant alterations in blood coagulation and hemostasis. One of the best known modifications of blood co agulation is a typical thrombophilic tendency with aging.

Blood Cells, Rheology, and Aging

Blood Cells, Rheology, and Aging
Author: Dieter Platt
Publisher:
Total Pages: 236
Release: 1987-12-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9783642717918
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This volume on experimental gerontology deals with the effects of aging on blood cells and rheology. Since gerontology is an interdisciplinary science, numerous experts engaged in various disciplines present their up-to-date results related to aging. The detailed accounts compiled in this book will augment the knowledge of red cells, immunology, receptors, blood coagulation, and rheology. The volume provides a valuable basis for future scientific work in gerontological research.

Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Red Blood Cell Aggregation
Author: Oguz Baskurt
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2011-09-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1439841802
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Red blood cells in humans—and most other mammals—have a tendency to form aggregates with a characteristic face-to-face morphology, similar to a stack of coins. Known as rouleaux, these aggregates are a normally occurring phenomenon and have a major impact on blood rheology. What is the underlying mechanism that produces this pattern? Does this really happen in blood circulation? And do these rouleaux formations have a useful function? The first book to offer a comprehensive review of the subject, Red Blood Cell Aggregation tackles these and other questions related to red blood cell (RBC) aggregates. The book covers basic, clinical, and physiological aspects of this important biophysical phenomenon and integrates these areas with concepts in bioengineering. It brings together state-of-the-art research on the determinants, mechanisms, and measurement and effects of RBC aggregation as well as on variations and comparative aspects. After an introductory overview, the book outlines factors and conditions that affect RBC aggregation. It presents the two hypotheses—the bridging model and the depletion model—that provide potential mechanisms for the adhesive forces that lead to the regular packing of the cells in rouleaux formations. The book also reviews the methods used to quantify RBC aggregation in vitro, focusing on their importance in clinical practice. Chapters discuss the effect of RBC aggregation on the in vitro rheology of blood as well as on tube flow. The book also looks at what happens in the circulation when red blood cells aggregate and examines variations due to physiological and pathophysiological challenges. The concluding chapter explores the formation of red blood cell aggregates in other mammals. Written by leading researchers in the field, this is an invaluable resource for basic science, medical, and clinical researchers; graduate students; and clinicians interested in mammalian red blood cells.

Red Blood Cell Aging

Red Blood Cell Aging
Author: Antonio De Flora
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2013-03-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1468459856
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The mammalian erythrocyte is a very suitable model for the study of aging at the cellular and molecular level. It is not only a matter of apparent simplicity in terms of biochemistry, biophysics and physiology but more likely this cell offers a great possibility for elucidating some basic problems in the process of aging. In fact, nowadays, it is possible to follow individual cells all along their life span in circulation, it is possible to obtain these cells when young, middle aged or old and it is possible to obtain cells from individuals of defined ages and transfuse them into compatible recipients to investigate the role of the environment where the cell lives, and finally it is possible to easily manipulate the red cell content in terms of enzymatic activities and/or metabolic properties to investigate the possible effect of these manipulations on cell survival. This book, Red Blood Cell Aging, is based on a symposium held in Urbino, Italy, at the end of 1990 and examines the impact of age on the membrane, metabolism, structural and enzymatic proteins of mammalian erythrocytes. The various contributions to this symposium not only described those processes of aging which affect the cell but also provided a nearly complete picture of the event{s} and mechanism{s} that every day permits to recognize among 25 trillion circulating red cells {in an average adult} that 1 percent that have reached the end of their 120 day life span in circulation.

Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics

Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics
Author: O.K. Baskurt
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 468
Release: 2007-10-03
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1607502631
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This publication primarily focuses on the macro- and micro-rheological behavior of blood and its formed elements, on interactions between the formed elements and blood vessel walls, and on the microvascular aspects of hemodynamics. Since many aspects of hemorheology and hemodynamics are affected by disease or clinical states, these effects are discussed as are hyperviscosity syndromes, therapy for disturbed blood rheology, and methods in hemorheology and hemodynamics. Sections of the Handbook include History of Hemorheology; Hemorheology, covering basic aspects, blood composition, blood rheology, cell mechanics, pathophysiology, methods and comparative studies; Hemodynamics, covering basic principles, microcirculation, in vivo effects, endothelium and methods; and Clinical Aspects of Hemorheology, covering hyperviscosity, clinical significance and treatment. The goal is to foster greater interchange between workers in the fields so as to promote collaborative efforts and, hopefully, improved health. In selecting topics for this handbook the editors have attempted to provide a general overview of both basic science and clinical hemorheology and hemodynamics. Hemorheology and hemodynamics are closely related, the former dealing with all aspects of the flow and interactions of the individual blood cells mostly studied in vitro, the latter with the in vivo relationships among vessel architecture, driving pressure, flow rate and shear stress. The linkage between the in vitro and in vivo research described in the book will be of interest to both basic science and clinical investigators. The editors of the handbook have each been active in the fields of bio- and hemorheology for many years, and have published extensively. They have successfully achieved their objective to publish a well-written and well-edited handbook that will be valuable for researchers and students in the field.

Clinical Blood Rheology

Clinical Blood Rheology
Author: Gordon D.O. Lowe
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2019-06-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0429536763
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Published in 1988: Study of blood flow properties (rheology) has attracted growing interest from clinicians in recent years. A United Kingdom meeting and a European meeting in 1979 resulted in previous publications summarizing the literature up to that time.

Red Cell Rheology

Red Cell Rheology
Author: M. Bessis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 418
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642670598
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Hemolysis during filtration through micropores studied by Chien et al. [I] showed a dependence on pressure gradient and pore diameter that, at the time of publication, did not permit an easy interpretation of the hemolytic mechanism. Acting on the assumption that thresholds of hemolysis are easier to correlate with physical forces than extents of hemolysis, we performed a series of experi ments repeating some of the conditions reported in [I] and then focusing on low L1P in order to define better the thresholds of hemolysis for several pore sizes. Employing a model of a deformed red cell shape at the pore entrance (based on micropipette observations) we related the force field in the fluid to a biaxial tension in the membrane. The threshold for lysis correlated with a membrane tension of 30 dynes/cm. This quantity is in agreement with lysis data from a number of other investigators employing a variety of mechanisms for introduc ing membrane tension. The sequence of events represented here is: a. Fluid forces and pressure gradients deform the cell into a new, elongated shape. b. Extent of deformation becomes limited by the resistance of the cell mem brane to undergo an increase in area. c. Fluid forces and pressure gradients acting on the deformed cell membrane cause an increase in biaxial tension in the membrane. d. When the strain caused by this tension causes pores to open in the membrane, the threshold for hemolysis has been reached [2].

Clinical Blood Rheology

Clinical Blood Rheology
Author: Gordon D.O. Lowe
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 359
Release: 2019-06-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0429536771
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Published in 1988: Study of blood flow properties (rheology) has attracted growing interest from clinicians in recent years. A United Kingdom meeting and a European meeting in 1979 resulted in previous publications summarizing the literature up to that time.

Regulation of red cell life-span, erythropoiesis, senescence and clearance

Regulation of red cell life-span, erythropoiesis, senescence and clearance
Author: Lars Kaestner
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2014-12-03
Genre: Biology (General)
ISBN: 2889193489
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Human red blood cells are formed mainly in the bone marrow and are believed to have an average life span of approximately 120 days. However, is it true for all red blood cells? What are the changes associated with red cell maturation, adulthood and senescence? What are the determinants of red cell life span and clearance? What are the mechanisms in control of red cell mass in healthy humans and patients with various forms of anemia? What are the markers of circulating red cell senescence and in cells during storage and transfusion? Within the life span may properties of red cells change leading to age-mixed circulating cell populations. Although these cells appear to be genetically terminated by the time they are released into the blood stream, they undergo surprisingly versatile modifications depending on the life-style and health conditions of a “human host”. Numerous disorders are believed to be associated with facilitated ageing of red blood cells. “In vitro ageing” and damage of red blood cells during storage is yet one more important issue related to the risks and efficiency of blood transfusion. Many of the mechanisms behind such effects are far from being fully understood. In this context the Research Topic is set to include articles in the field of biochemical investigations, biophysical approaches, physiological and clinical studies related to red blood cell maturation and aging. This includes Original Research, Methods, Hypothesis and Theory, Reviews and Perspectives.

Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine

Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine
Author: Michael R. Pinsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 367
Release: 2007-05-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3540373632
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Te practice of intensive care medicine is at the very forefront of titration of treatment andmonitoringresponse. Te substrateofthiscareisthe criticallyill patientwho,by defnition, is at the limits of his or her physiologic reserve. Such patients need immediate, aggressive but balanced life-altering interventions to minimize the detrimental aspects of acute illness and hasten recovery. Treatmentdecisionsandresponsetotherapyareusually assessed by measures of physiologic function, such as assessed by cardio-respiratory monitoring. However, how one uses such information is ofen unclear and rarely supported by prospective clinical trials. In reality, the bedside clinician is forced to rely primarily on physiologic principles in determining the best treatments and response to therapy. However, the physiologic foundation present in practicing physicians is uneven and occasionally supported more by habit or prior training than science. A series of short papers published in Intensive Care Medicine since 2002 under the heading Physiologic Notes attempts to capture the essence of the physiologic perspectives that underpin both our understanding of disease and response to therapy. Tis present volume combines the complete list of these Physiologic Notes up until July 2006 with the ass o cia t ed r e vie w a r tic les o v er t h e s a m e in t er val t ha t a ls o addr ess e d t hes e cen tral issues.