Black Holes In Space Pulsars And Exploding Stars PDF Download

The whole universe is full of miracles. The Massive Black holes are massive objects collections of mass, with gravity so strong that nothing can escape, not even light. Black holes are among the strangest things in the universe. The most common types of black holes are the stellar-mass and super massive black holes. Stellar, mass black holes, are created when massive stars explode, leaving behind a black hole with the mass of just a few suns. "These are incredibly fast-moving objects that are actually gravitationally unbound to the Milky Way." Though these speed demons may be close to the black hole, they are not shrouded by dust and can be detected with telescopes. A stellar black hole can be seen when it rips a companion star to pieces. When a massive star explodes, not all the material is ejected into space. Some of it collapses into an extremely compact object known as a neutron star, inside which gravitational forces crush protons and electrons together, turning them into particles known as neutrons. A neutron star contains a few solar masses of material squeezed into a radius of only 20 km. This means the matter is so compressed that a thimble full of it would weigh millions of tonnes on Earth. Fast-spinning neutron stars, whose radio emissions seem to pulse on and off, are called pulsars. Quasars is the brightest objects in the universe, they shine anywhere from 10 to 100,000 times brighter than the Milky Way. Shining so brightly that they eclipse the ancient galaxies that contain them, quasars are distant objects powered by black holes a billion times as massive as our sun. These powerful dynamos have fascinated astronomers since their discovery half a century ago. Light-speed jets, the tiny point-like glimmers, are actually signals from galactic nuclei outshining their host galaxies. Quasars live only in galaxies with super massive black holes, black holes that contain billions of times the mass of the sun. Although light cannot escape from the black hole itself, some signals can break free around its edges. While some dust and gas fall into the black hole, other particles are accelerated away from it at near the speed of light. The particles stream away from the black hole in jets above and below it, transported by one of the most powerful partiparticle accelerators in the universe.