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Biotextiles as Medical Implants

Biotextiles as Medical Implants
Author: M W King
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 739
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0857095609

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Textiles play a vital role in the manufacture of various medical devices, including the replacement of diseased, injured or non-functioning organs within the body. Biotextiles as medical implants provides an invaluable single source of information on the main types of textile materials and products used for medical implants. The first part of the book focuses on polymers, fibers and textile technologies, and these chapters discuss the manufacture, sterilization, properties and types of biotextiles used for medical applications, including nanofibers, resorbable polymers and shaped biotextiles. The chapters in part two provide a comprehensive discussion of a range of different clinical applications of biotextiles, including surgical sutures, arterial prostheses, stent grafts, percutaneous heart valves and drug delivery systems.This book provides a concise review of the technologies, properties and types of biotextiles used as medical devices. In addition, it addresses the biological dimension of how to design devices for different clinical applications, providing an invaluable reference for biomedical engineers of medical textiles, quality control and risk assessment specialists, as well as managers of regulatory affairs. The subject matter will also be of interest to professionals within the healthcare system including surgeons, nurses, therapists, sourcing and purchasing agents, researchers and students in different disciplines. Provides an invaluable single source of information on the main types of textile materials and products used for medical implants Addresses the technologies used and discusses the manufacture, properties and types of biotextiles Examines applications of biotextiles as medical implants, including drug delivery systems and stent grafts and percutaneous heart valves


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: E. Duncan
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091525

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The chapter describes the regulatory framework applicable to medical devices, and specifically to biotextiles, principally in the United States, but also in the European Union. With the emergence of new technologies and materials, new forms of regulation have become necessary, and some of the traditional classifications no longer match present-day applications. Problems encountered by manufacturers with regard to premarket approval clearance and material supply quality standards assurance are discussed, as well as issues increasingly arising when one biotextile-based medical device is evolved into another for a different use.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: C.C. Chu
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091568

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Catgut and collagen are the two most well-known natural materials for absorbable sutures; however collagen-based absorbable sutures have largely been replaced by synthetic materials made from one of five basic building blocks. The chemical structures of a variety of commercial absorbable sutures are reviewed. The characteristics, chemistry and manufacture of some nonabsorbable equivalents are also considered. A number of newly available materials, in particular the group of amino-acid based biodegradable poly(ester amide) fibers, are considered, together with the results of trials.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: B.S. Gupta
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091460

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Textiles are known to have unique properties that lend themselves to use in many different types of technical products, among which perhaps the best known are medical materials. Presented in this chapter are aspects of polymer, fiber and textile science that should serve as useful background knowledge of the materials used in constructing products and whose in vitro and in vivo physical and mechanical performances are discussed in this book.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: S.H. Kim
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091487

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The chapter discusses the characteristics of resorbable polymers used for medical applications, in particular in cardiovascular systems, in terms of their biocompatibility, resorbability, mechanical and degradation properties, manufacturing feasibility, sterilizability and shelf life. Polymers currently in use for biotextile applications are surveyed, together with recent advances in mechano-active engineering of tissues, especially for blood vessel regeneration, using fibrous elastic degradable polymer scaffolds.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: S.W. Shalaby
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091517

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Biotextile sterilization presents unique challenges. The chapter describes the principles of sterilization and the way in which sterility assurance levels are defined and demonstrated. Traditional thermal, chemical and radiation sterilization methods are described, as well as newer methods such as plasma and microwave sterilization, and applications for which each is suitable. The advantages of the emerging technology of radiochemical sterilization are described, together with some of its successful applications, such as surgical sutures and tissue adhesive and the results of recent comparative studies of radiochemical and other sterilization methods for absorbable materials. Projected future trends in sterilization technology are also outlined.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: F. Heim
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091614

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This chapter discusses the potential of textiles used as heart valve leaflet replacement material. The chapter first reviews the anatomy of the aortic valve, before describing the diseases the valve may undergo and the limits of the noninvasive technologies available to replace the faulty valve. It then presents textile valve manufacture, and the performance that can be obtained in vitro in both the short and long term. Early animal in vivo results are presented in the last section.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: B.S. Gupta
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091576

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The chapter describes procedures and materials used and results obtained from several important studies of the mechanical performance of surgical sutures and the clinical factors that influence their behavior. Key features of successful suture assembly are the material used, structure of the thread, surface treatment, knot strength, and security, the in vivo environment and compatibility of the tensile properties of the thread with those of the tissues approximated during and after surgery. To improve suture success in terms, particularly, of knot performance, coupling of thermal and chemical energies in conjunction with mechanical interlacing have been experimented with.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: L.-M. Zhu
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091541

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Developing novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) from drugloaded fibers is a useful and attractive medical applications of biotextiles. This chapter reviews relevant textile technologies, types of polymers and active pharmaceutical ingredients for preparing drug-loaded fibers. Different types of DDS derived from novel drug-loaded fibers are summarized. Future trends and areas for intensive biotextiles research with reference to DDSs are discussed.


Biotextiles as medical implants

Biotextiles as medical implants
Author: R. Guidoin
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2013-10-31
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128091606

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The chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of arterial prostheses (or vascular grafts) in terms of their biocompatibility, biofunctionality and biostability. Criteria for biomaterials selection and prosthesis design that have enabled patients to recover more rapidly without any device-related complications are reviewed, and developments are considered that may lead to future improvements in healing and clinical outcomes for the next generation of vascular prostheses.