Bioaerosol Detection Technologies PDF Download
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| Author | : Per Jonsson |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 2014-07-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1441955828 |
Download Bioaerosol Detection Technologies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is intended to give technological background and practical examples, but also to give general insight into the on-going technology development in the area of biodetection. The content is therefore suitable for an array of stakeholders (decision makers, purchasing officers, etc.) and end-users of biodetection equipment within the areas of health, environment, safety and security, and military preparation. The book is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the fundamental physical and biological properties of bioaerosol's. The second section goes into more detail and discusses in-depth the most commonly used detection principles. The third section of the book is devoted to technologies that have been used in standoff applications. The last section of the book gives an overview of trends in bioaerosol detection. The reader of this book will gain knowledge about the different biodetection technologies and thus better judge their capabilities in relation to desired applications.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 100 |
| Release | : 2008-11-30 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0309111501 |
Download A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Biological warfare agent (BWA) detectors are designed to provide alerts to military personnel of the presence of dangerous biological agents. Detecting such agents promptly makes it possible to minimize contamination and personnel exposure and initiate early treatment. It is also important, though, that detectors not raise an alarm when the situation does not warrant it. The question considered in this book is whether Agent-Containing Particles per Liter of Air (ACPLA) is an appropriate unit of measure for use in the evaluation of aerosol detectors and whether a better, alternative measure can be developed. The book finds that ACPLA alone cannot determine whether a health threat exists. In order to be useful and comparable across all biological agents and detection systems, measurements must ultimately be related to health hazard. A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols outlines the possibility of a more complex, but more useful measurement framework that makes it possible to evaluate relative hazard by including agent identity and activity, particle size, and infectious dose.
| Author | : Joshua Allen Hubbard |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Enhanced Real-time Bioaerosol Detection Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This work is a multi-scale effort to confront the rapidly evolving threat of biological weapons attacks through improved bioaerosol surveillance, detection, and response capabilities. The effects of bioaerosol release characteristics, transport in the atmospheric surface layer, and implications for bioaerosol sampler design and real-time detection were studied to develop risk assessment and modeling tools to enhance our ability to respond to biological weapons attacks. A simple convection-diffusion-sedimentation model was formulated and used to simulate atmospheric bioaerosol dispersion. Model predictions suggest particles smaller than 60 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (AD) are likely to be transported several kilometers from the source. A five fold increase in effective mass collection rate, a significant bioaerosol detection advantage, is projected for samplers designed to collect particles larger than the traditional limit of 10 micrometers AD when such particles are present in the source distribution. A family of dynamically scaled wetted-wall bioaerosol sampling cyclones (WWC) was studied to provide bioaerosol sampling capability under various threat scenarios. The effects of sampling environment, i.e. air conditions, and air flow rate on liquid recovery rate and response time were systematically studied. The discovery of a critical liquid input rate parameter enabled the description of all data with self-similar relationships. Empirical correlations were then integrated into system control algorithms to maintain microfluidic liquid output rates ideally suited for advanced biological detection technologies. Autonomous ambient air sampling with an output rate of 25 microliters per minute was achieved with open-loop control. This liquid output rate corresponds to a concentration rate on the order of 2,000,000, a substantial increase with respect to other commercially available bioaerosol samplers. Modeling of the WWC was performed to investigate the underlying physics of liquid recovery. The set of conservative equations governing multiphase heat and mass transfer within the WWC were formulated and solved numerically. Approximate solutions were derived for the special cases of adiabatic and isothermal conditions. The heat and mass transfer models were then used to supplement empirical correlations. The resulting semi-empirical models offer enhanced control over liquid concentration factor and further enable the WWC to be deployed as an autonomous bioaerosol sampler.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 209 |
| Release | : 2005-12-11 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 030909576X |
Download Sensor Systems for Biological Agent Attacks Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Over the last ten years, there has been growing concern about potential biological attacks on the nation's population and its military facilities. It is now possible to detect such attacks quickly enough to permit treatment of potential victims prior to the onset of symptoms. The capability to "detect to warn", that is in time to take action to minimize human exposure, however, is still lacking. To help achieve such a capability, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the development path for "detect to warn" sensors systems. This report presents the results of this assessment including analysis of scenarios for protecting facilities, sensor requirements, and detection technologies and systems. Findings and recommendations are provided for the most probable path to achieve a detect-to-warn capability and potential technological breakthroughs that could accelerate its attainment.
| Author | : Christopher S. Cox |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 656 |
| Release | : 2020-11-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1000115046 |
Download Bioaerosols Handbook Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This comprehensive handbook provides up-to-date knowledge and practical advice from established authorities in aerosol science. It covers the principles and practices of bioaerosol sampling, descriptions and comparisons of bioaerosol samplers, calibration methods, and assay techniques, with an emphasis on practicalities, such as which sampler to use and where it should be placed. The text also offers critiques concerning handling the samples to provide representative and meaningful assays for their viability, infectivity, and allergenicity. A wide range of microbes-viz., viruses, bacteria, fungi and pollens, and their fragments-are considered from such perspectives. Bioaerosols Handbook is divided into four parts, providing a wide-ranging reference work, as well as a practical guide on how best to sample and assay bioaerosols using current technology.
| Author | : Dennis Morrison |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 323 |
| Release | : 2007-05-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1402033842 |
Download Defense against Bioterror: Detection Technologies, Implementation Strategies and Commercial Opportunities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This is a critical assessment of breakthrough biosensor technologies that will allow for the rapid identification of biological threat agents in the environment and human population. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of biological weapons threat, and reviews biosensor technologies including detection platforms, networked alarm-type biodetector systems, implementation strategies, electro-optical and electrochemical biosensors.
| Author | : Janet Macher |
| Publisher | : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygenists |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Download Bioaerosols Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Expanding far beyond its predecessor, this text offers a comprehensive guide to the assessment and control of bioaerosols in the full range of contemporary workplaces. Although the indoor environment remains a focus of concern, much of the information in this publication has application beyond office environments. The prominence of saprophytic microorganisms remains; however, more attention has been given to other important biological agents (e.g., arthropod and animal allergens, infectious agents, and microbial volatile organic compounds). In addition, fuller descriptions are provided for microbial toxins and cell wall components that may cause health effects
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2013-12-31 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309292549 |
Download Technologies to Enable Autonomous Detection for BioWatch Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The BioWatch program, funded and overseen by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has three main elements-sampling, analysis, and response-each coordinated by different agencies. The Environmental Protection Agency maintains the sampling component, the sensors that collect airborne particles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coordinates analysis and laboratory testing of the samples, though testing is actually carried out in state and local public health laboratories. Local jurisdictions are responsible for the public health response to positive findings. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is designated as the lead agency for the law enforcement response if a bioterrorism event is detected. In 2003 DHS deployed the first generation of BioWatch air samplers. The current version of this technology, referred to as Generation 2.0, requires daily manual collection and testing of air filters from each monitor. DHS has also considered newer automated technologies (Generation 2.5 and Generation 3.0) which have the potential to produce results more quickly, at a lower cost, and for a greater number of threat agents. Technologies to Enable Autonomous Detection for BioWatch is the summary of a workshop hosted jointly by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council in June 2013 to explore alternative cost-effective systems that would meet the requirements for a BioWatch Generation 3.0 autonomous detection system, or autonomous detector, for aerosolized agents . The workshop discussions and presentations focused on examination of the use of four classes of technologies-nucleic acid signatures, protein signatures, genomic sequencing, and mass spectrometry-that could reach Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6-plus in which the technology has been validated and is ready to be tested in a relevant environment over three different tiers of temporal timeframes: those technologies that could be TRL 6-plus ready as part of an integrated system by 2016, those that are likely to be ready in the period 2016 to 2020, and those are not likely to be ready until after 2020. Technologies to Enable Autonomous Detection for BioWatch discusses the history of the BioWatch program, the role of public health officials and laboratorians in the interpretation of BioWatch data and the information that is needed from a system for effective decision making, and the current state of the art of four families of technology for the BioWatch program. This report explores how the technologies discussed might be strategically combined or deployed to optimize their contributions to an effective environmental detection capability.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 81 |
| Release | : 2020-05-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309676908 |
Download Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform the federal government on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other 21st century health threats. This set of Rapid Expert Consultations are the first of their kind and represent the best evidence available to the Committee at the time each publication was released. The science on these issues is continually evolving, and the scientific consensus the Committee reaches on these topics will likely evolve with it. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues.
| Author | : Uğur Soysal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Study and Design of MEMS Microbalances for Bioaerosol Detection in Indoor Environments Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Microfabrication methods are an emerging technology which enables to build micro scale airborne particle mass concentration measurement systems. A personal airborne particle monitoring system can be achieved by combining an appropriate sampling method with inertial micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mass sensors. While aerosol sampling methods can take airborne particles from ambient air and transport to a detector in the most efficient way, MEMS provide the detection and estimation of the mass based on a shift in the resonance frequency of oscillating sensors.In this context, an extensive literature review is proposed in order to examine the mass concentration measurement methods from past to present. The methodological tendencies for advanced real-time aerosol mass concentration measurement are evaluated. Finally, bulk-mode silicon-based MEMS mass sensor is chosen to be coupled with an appropriate aerosol sampler.Following that the miniaturization possibilities of aerosol sampling methods are discussed and inertial impactor is chosen as a suitable aerosol sampling method. Then, the impactor is designed, fabricated, and characterized based on the classical impaction theory. The latter, the deposition characteristics of monodisperse aerosol (fluorescent) and bioaerosols (Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas fluorescens) are explored by inertial impaction on silicon and nanostructured silicon (i.e. black silicon). The empirical results show that the size of airborne particles plays a key role to determine the deposition characteristics of the impaction by the mechanism of rebound and re-entrainment (i.e. bounce effect) of the particles.In the context of developing an inertial mass sensor, sub-μm air gap MEMS mass sensors have been successfully fabricated based on the thick oxide as a mask layer method. This method enables to fabricate high-aspect-ratio air-gap MEMS resonators. Then, the devices are electrically characterized and the mass resolution is investigated. As a result, high-aspect-ratio MEMS sensors are operated in two different bulk modes (Lamé and extensional modes) and the mass resolution of the sensors is found to be as sub-ng.Finally, the fabricated MEMS mass sensors are integrated into the developed impactor and monodisperse fluorescent particles are successively impacted on the sensors. The shift in the resonance frequency of MEMS mass sensors are evaluated based on Sauerbrey's principle. Ultimately, MEMS mass sensors have achieved to detect and perform mass measurements of the impacted fluorescent particles with a promising precision. Although more impactions are needed to calibrate the sensors, the theoretical mass sensitivity of the device is matched with the experimental mass sensitivity obtained from successive impactions. Therefore, the developed airborne particle detection system paves the way for real-time detection and mass measurements of aerosol and bioaerosols.
