Bioacoustics Of Monterey Bay Pinnipeds Auditory Fatigue And Masking PDF Download
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| Release | : 1998 |
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Download Bioacoustics of Monterey Bay Pinnipeds: Auditory Fatigue and Masking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Auditory thresholds were obtained for one northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), one harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) under unmasked conditions, masked conditions, and following exposure to noise. Thresholds were determined using a 50% correct detection criterion in a signal detection task using trained behavioral responses to brief pure tones. Results indicate that 1) Mirounga is most sensitive to low frequency sounds in water and is relatively hard of hearing in air; 2) Phoca has comparable auditory sensitivity to sounds of low frequency in air and under water; 3) Zalophus is more sensitive to aerial sounds than underwater sounds; 4) Zalophus is susceptible to age related hearing loss, especially at higher frequencies; 5) all three species, and Mirounga in particular, are quite good at detecting low frequency signals from noise; and 6) moderately loud underwater sounds have the potential to induce short-term residual hearing loss in all species tested.
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| Release | : 2002 |
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Download Bioacoustics of Monterey Bay Pinnipeds: Extraction of Information from Acoustic Signals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Two doctoral students at UCSC were supported by this ASSERT award. The students participated in an ongoing ONR funded research program on the bioacoustics of pinnipeds while developing and carrying out complementary independent investigations. During the award period, both students received specialized training in animal psychophysics, experimental design, and acoustic instrumentation and measurement. Both students completed and published significant original research related to sensory biology, communication, and cognition in seals and sea lions. Their concurrent participation in the primary ONE funded research program improved productivity and efficiency. The technical and research skills developed by the students while supported by this grant will be useful to independent and government supported research agencies.
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| Release | : 2001 |
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Download Pinniped Bioacoustics: Auditory Mechanisms, Temporary Threshold Shift, and Effects of Noise on Signal Reception Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The data obtained during this award period provide comparative measurements of underwater and aerial hearing sensitivity in pinnipeds and the effects of exposure to underwater and aerial noise. Much greater aerial sensitivity than previously documented in pinnipeds was demonstrated in individuals from three species. These data were obtained in a highly controlled acoustic testing environment and suggest that most, if not all, previous aerial pinniped audiograms were noise limited. Similar simultaneous (masking) and residual (auditory fatigue) effects of noise exposure were demonstrated in air and water. Noise exposure in the auditory fatigue experiments was systematically varied in both exposure level and exposure duration to investigate the relative importance of these noise parameters in causing temporary changes in hearing sensitivity. Age-related changes in hearing were also demonstrated and indicated most severe hearing losses at relatively high test frequencies. The combined results have a number of practical and theoretical implications and, most notably, indicate that pinniped cochlear processes are similar both in air and water to those occurring in terrestrial mammals.
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| Total Pages | : 744 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Environmental protection |
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Download EPA Publications Bibliography Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : W. John Richardson |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 593 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080573037 |
Download Marine Mammals and Noise Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.
| Author | : Hans Slabbekoorn |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2018-08-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1493985744 |
Download Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Over the past several years, many investigators interested in the effects of man-made sounds on animals have come to realize that there is much to gain from studying the broader literature on hearing sound and the effects of sound as well as data from the effects on humans. It has also become clear that knowledge of the effects of sound on one group of animals (e.g., birds or frogs) can guide studies on other groups (e.g., marine mammals or fishes) and that a review of all such studies together would be very useful to get a better understanding of the general principles and underlying cochlear and cognitive mechanisms that explain damage, disturbance, and deterrence across taxa. The purpose of this volume, then, is to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of man-made sounds on animals, with the goal of fulfilling two major needs. First, it was thought to be important to bring together data on sound and bioacoustics that have implications across all taxa (including humans) so that such information is generally available to the community of scholars interested in the effects of sound. This is done in Chaps. 2-5. Second, in Chaps. 6-10, the volume brings together what is known about the effects of sound on diverse vertebrate taxa so that investigators with interests in specific groups can learn from the data and experimental approaches from other species. Put another way, having an overview of the similarities and discrepancies among various animal groups and insight into the “how and why” will benefit the overall conceptual understanding, applications in society, and all future research.
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| Total Pages | : 918 |
| Release | : 2010 |
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Download Mariana Islands Range Complex Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Henrik Brumm |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 452 |
| Release | : 2013-12-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 364241494X |
Download Animal Communication and Noise Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The study of animal communication has led to significant progress in our general understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. However, one often neglected aspect is that signal exchange in every modality is constrained by noise, be it in the transmission channel or in the nervous system. This book analyses whether and how animals can cope with such constraints, and explores the implications that noise has for our understanding of animal communication. It is written by leading biologists working on different taxa including insects, fish, amphibians, lizards, birds, and mammals. In addition to this broad taxonomic approach, the chapters also cover a wide array of research disciplines: from the mechanisms of signal production and perception, to the behavioural ecology of signalling, the evolution of animal communication, and conservation issues. This volume promotes the integration of the knowledge gained by the diverse approaches to the study of animal communication and, at the same time, highlights particularly interesting fields of current and future research.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 2003-05-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309133157 |
Download Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
| Author | : Headquarters Department Of The Army |
| Publisher | : Lulu.com |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2019-09-17 |
| Genre | : Reference |
| ISBN | : 9780359925605 |
Download Ordnance Operations (FM 4-30) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The purpose of the ordnance corps is to support the development, production, acquisition and sustainment of equipment- including weapons systems and munitions- and to provide explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), during peace and war, to provide superior combat power to the United States (U.S.) Army. The ordnance corps has a rich and robust history of supporting the force dating back from the American Revolution to present day. The future of our nation and Army will continue to be engaged in an era of "persistent conflict" a period of protracted confrontation among states, non-state, and individual actors increasingly willing to use violence to achieve their political and ideological ends. The ordnance corps must evolve and remain the indispensable sustainment warfighting function in order for the Army to successfully execute simultaneous and protracted operations.
