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Bayesian Inference with Geodetic Applications

Bayesian Inference with Geodetic Applications
Author: Karl-Rudolf Koch
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 205
Release: 2006-04-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540466010

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This introduction to Bayesian inference places special emphasis on applications. All basic concepts are presented: Bayes' theorem, prior density functions, point estimation, confidence region, hypothesis testing and predictive analysis. In addition, Monte Carlo methods are discussed since the applications mostly rely on the numerical integration of the posterior distribution. Furthermore, Bayesian inference in the linear model, nonlinear model, mixed model and in the model with unknown variance and covariance components is considered. Solutions are supplied for the classification, for the posterior analysis based on distributions of robust maximum likelihood type estimates, and for the reconstruction of digital images.


Bayesian Inference in Geodesy

Bayesian Inference in Geodesy
Author: John David Bossler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 158
Release: 1972
Genre: Bayesian statistical decision theory
ISBN:

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Bayesian Inference in Geodesy

Bayesian Inference in Geodesy
Author: John D. Bossler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 79
Release: 1976
Genre: Bayesian statistical decision theory
ISBN:

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Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering

Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering
Author: Kevin H. Knuth
Publisher: American Inst. of Physics
Total Pages: 586
Release: 2005-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780735402928

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All papers were peer-reviewed. For over 25 years the MaxEnt workshops have explored Bayesian and Maximum Entropy methods in scientific, engineering, and signal processing applications. This proceedings volume covers all aspects of probabilistic inference such as techniques, applications, and foundations. Applications include physics, space science, earth science, biology, imaging, graphical models and source separation.


Introduction to Bayesian Statistics

Introduction to Bayesian Statistics
Author: Karl-Rudolf Koch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2007-10-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540727264

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This book presents Bayes’ theorem, the estimation of unknown parameters, the determination of confidence regions and the derivation of tests of hypotheses for the unknown parameters. It does so in a simple manner that is easy to comprehend. The book compares traditional and Bayesian methods with the rules of probability presented in a logical way allowing an intuitive understanding of random variables and their probability distributions to be formed.


Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering

Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering
Author: Ali Mohammad-Djafari
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Total Pages: 616
Release: 2006-12-13
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN:

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The MaxEnt workshops are devoted to Bayesian inference and maximum entropy methods in science and engineering. In addition, this workshop included all aspects of probabilistic inference, such as foundations, techniques, algorithms, and applications. All papers have been peer-reviewed.


Probability and Statistics in Geodesy and Geophysics

Probability and Statistics in Geodesy and Geophysics
Author: Ludmila Kubáčková
Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company
Total Pages: 448
Release: 1987
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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The purpose of data processing is to obtain in explicit form maximum information on the object of the data measurements. This is accomplished by the use of suitable models based on the most up-to-date knowledge of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics. The need to constantly improve models for processing data sets is stimulated by the rapid development of geodetic and geophysical measurement techniques on the one hand and the possibilities of contemporary computer techniques on the other. The reasons for the incessant improvement of mathematical models are both gnostic and economic; experiments in particular are time-consuming and expensive to prepare and carry out; moreover, they may be unique and impossible to repeat. To develop an effective method for preparing such experiments and a correct procedure for processing the results is a theoretically exacting, although least costly, part of the whole process of preparation, realization and the evaluation of the measurements. The purpose of this book is to acquaint the reader with the mathematical methods in use at present, including those being developed and applied in advanced geodetic and geophysical centres.


Bayesian Inference

Bayesian Inference
Author: Hanns L. Harney
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2003-05-20
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9783540003977

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Solving a longstanding problem in the physical sciences, this text and reference generalizes Gaussian error intervals to situations in which the data follow distributions other than Gaussian. The text is written at introductory level, with many examples and exercises.


Scalable Bayesian spatial analysis with Gaussian Markov random fields

Scalable Bayesian spatial analysis with Gaussian Markov random fields
Author: Per Sidén
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages: 53
Release: 2020-08-17
Genre:
ISBN: 9179298184

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Accurate statistical analysis of spatial data is important in many applications. Failing to properly account for spatial autocorrelation may often lead to false conclusions. At the same time, the ever-increasing sizes of spatial datasets pose a great computational challenge, as many standard methods for spatial analysis are limited to a few thousand data points. In this thesis, we explore how Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs) can be used for scalable analysis of spatial data. GMRFs are closely connected to the commonly used Gaussian processes, but have sparsity properties that make them computationally cheap both in time and memory. The Bayesian framework enables a GMRF to be used as a spatial prior, comprising the assumption of smooth variation over space, and gives a principled way to estimate the parameters and propagate uncertainty. We develop new algorithms that enable applying GMRF priors in 3D to the brain activity inherent in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, with millions of observations. We show that our methods are both faster and more accurate than previous work. A method for approximating selected elements of the inverse precision matrix (i.e. the covariance matrix) is also proposed, which is important for evaluating the posterior uncertainty. In addition, we establish a link between GMRFs and deep convolutional neural networks, which have been successfully used in countless machine learning tasks for images, resulting in a deep GMRF model. Finally, we show how GMRFs can be used in real-time robotic search and rescue operations, for modeling the spatial distribution of injured persons. Tillförlitlig statistisk analys av spatiala data är viktigt inom många tillämpningar. Om inte korrekt hänsyn tas till spatial autokorrelation kan det ofta leda till felaktiga slutsatser. Samtidigt ökar ständigt storleken på de spatiala datamaterialen vilket utgör en stor beräkningsmässig utmaning, eftersom många standardmetoder för spatial analys är begränsade till några tusental datapunkter. I denna avhandling utforskar vi hur Gaussiska Markov-fält (eng: Gaussian Markov random fields, GMRF) kan användas för mer skalbara analyser av spatiala data. GMRF-modeller är nära besläktade med de ofta använda Gaussiska processerna, men har gleshetsegenskaper som gör dem beräkningsmässigt effektiva både vad gäller tids- och minnesåtgång. Det Bayesianska synsättet gör det möjligt att använda GMRF som en spatial prior som innefattar antagandet om långsam spatial variation och ger ett principiellt tillvägagångssätt för att skatta parametrar och propagera osäkerhet. Vi utvecklar nya algoritmer som gör det möjligt att använda GMRF-priors i 3D för den hjärnaktivitet som indirekt kan observeras i hjärnbilder framtagna med tekniken fMRI, som innehåller milliontals datapunkter. Vi visar att våra metoder är både snabbare och mer korrekta än tidigare forskning. En metod för att approximera utvalda element i den inversa precisionsmatrisen (dvs. kovariansmatrisen) framförs också, vilket är viktigt för att kunna evaluera osäkerheten i posteriorn. Vidare gör vi en koppling mellan GMRF och djupa neurala faltningsnätverk, som har använts framgångsrikt för mängder av bildrelaterade problem inom maskininlärning, vilket mynnar ut i en djup GMRF-modell. Slutligen visar vi hur GMRF kan användas i realtid av autonoma drönare för räddningsinsatser i katastrofområden för att modellera den spatiala fördelningen av skadade personer.


The 1st International Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS'11)

The 1st International Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS'11)
Author: Hansjörg Kutterer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 179
Release: 2014-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 331910828X

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These proceedings contain 25 papers, which are the peer-reviewed versions of presentations made at the 1st International Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring (QuGOMS’11), held 13 April to 15 April 2011 in Garching, Germany. The papers were drawn from five sessions which reflected the following topic areas: (1) Uncertainty Modeling of Geodetic Data, (2) Theoretical Studies on Combination Strategies and Parameter Estimation, (3) Recursive State-Space Filtering, (4) Sensor Networks and Multi Sensor Systems in Engineering Geodesy, (5) Multi-Mission Approaches With View to Physical Processes in the Earth System.