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Atmospheric Temperature Profiles of the Northern Hemisphere

Atmospheric Temperature Profiles of the Northern Hemisphere
Author: Young Yee
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2012-05-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400740298

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For more than three decades, the US Standard Atmosphere has been used by researchers and professionals in many areas of aeronautics and atmospheric sciences. It is an idealized, all season average temperature profile of the earth's atmosphere. But today's modern day and sophisticated global applications require more extensive representations of the mean temperature profile. This book is a global augmentation of the climatological tropospheric temperature profiles in the Northern Hemisphere for different latitude belts and seasons. There are 72 mean temperature profile tables from the surface up to 10 kilometers in height that represent the four seasons for different latitudinal belts (5° N, 10° N , 15° N, 20° N, 25° N, 30° N, 35° N, 40° N, 45° N, 50° N, 55° N, 60° N, 65° N, 70° N, 75° N, 80° N, 85° N). The model is based on a neural network algorithm that uses archived radiosonde data, retrieved temperature profiles from remote sensors, and the solar insolation at the top of the earth's atmosphere. It is the most comprehensive book of mean seasonal tropospheric temperature profiles to date. It will be an indispensible reference to the aeronautic and meteorological industries worldwide as well as an easy-to-use guide for climatologists, meteorologists, aeronautic engineers, researchers and aviators.


Monthly 90°N Atmospheres and High-latitude Warm and Cold Winter Stratosphere/mesosphere

Monthly 90°N Atmospheres and High-latitude Warm and Cold Winter Stratosphere/mesosphere
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 32
Release: 1977
Genre: Atmosphere, Upper
ISBN:

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A set of 12 mean monthly reference atmospheres, which describes the seasonal changes in the distribution of the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere, is provided for the North Pole for altitudes up to 55 km. Additional atmospheric models for arctic and subarctic regions are presented to describe the large variations that occur in the vertical distributions of atmospheric temperature, density, and pressure during typical warmings and coolings of the winter stratosphere and mesosphere.


Profiles of Temperature and Density Based on 1- and 10-percent Extremes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere

Profiles of Temperature and Density Based on 1- and 10-percent Extremes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 70
Release: 1984
Genre: Atmospheric density
ISBN:

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Vertical profiles of temperature and density have been developed based on 1 and 10 percent warm and cold temperatures and 1 and 10 percent high and low densities occurring at the worst locations in the world (except Antarctica) during the worst month. The profiles, from the surface to 80 km, are based on extremes that occur at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 km. For example, one of the temperature profiles developed was based on a 10 percent warm temperature at an altitude of 20 km; thus, it represents meteorological conditions typically associated with this extreme. Ten such warm profiles (5 levels by 2 percentiles) and 10 cold profiles have been constructed from 14 years of rawinsonde and rocketsonde observations. Internally consistent hydrostatic profiles of density associated with these temperature profiles are provided. Twenty analogous density (and associated temperature) profiles also have been developed from extreme densities occurring at these altitudes. Thus, a set of realistic profiles (rather than envelopes) of temperature and density associated with extremes at specified levels in the troposphere and stratosphere are available for altitudes up to 80 km. Keywords: Atmospheric profiles; Extreme atmospheres; Temperature profiles; Density profiles; Thermodynamic properties.


Monthly Midlatitude Atmospheres, Surface to 90 Km

Monthly Midlatitude Atmospheres, Surface to 90 Km
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 1976
Genre: Atmosphere, Upper
ISBN:

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Sets of mean monthly Reference Atmospheres that reflect the seasonal changes in the vertical distributions of temperature, pressure, and density at altitudes up to 90 km are presented for latitudes 30 deg N and 45 deg N. Estimates of the magnitude of the diurnal, day-to-day, and spatial variability of temperature and density are included for altitudes above 20 km. Special attention is given to the distribution of atmospheric density since density is the atmospheric property of most concern to aerospace designers and engineers. This report is part of a comprehensive effort to develop sets of mean monthly atmospheric models, surface to 90 km, for 15 deg intervals of latitude from pole to equator. The research is being performed to help satisfy the many requests that have been received from Air Force engineers and designers for information on the time and space variability of atmospheric density and temperature at altitude up to 90 km. (Author).


Tropical Atmospheres, 0 to 90 Km

Tropical Atmospheres, 0 to 90 Km
Author: Allen E. Cole
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 1975
Genre: Atmospheric density
ISBN:

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Mean monthly atmospheric models are presented which depict the periodic variations in the vertical distributions of temperature, pressure, and density, surface to 90 km, at the equator and 15 deg N. The models are internally consistent and in agreement with available radiosonde and rocket observations of the thermodynamic properties of the tropical atmosphere. In the tropics the combined amplitudes of the annual and semiannual oscillations of density at altitudes between 25 and 80 km are approximately the same magnitude as the diurnal variations. Observed data show that the phase (time of maximum) of the annual temperature and density oscillations between 25 and 90 km is nearly identical at 8 deg S, 9 deg N, and 17 deg N, indicating that the meteorological equator for thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere is 8 to 10 deg south of the geographical equator. (Author).


Atmospheric Temperature Observations to 100,000 Feet for Several Climatological Regions of the Northern Hemisphere

Atmospheric Temperature Observations to 100,000 Feet for Several Climatological Regions of the Northern Hemisphere
Author: H. B. Tolefson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 1957
Genre: Atmospheric temperature
ISBN:

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Radiosonde measurements of upper-air temperatures taken over a 5-year period at nine stations in the northern hemisphere are summarized in order to provide information on the temperatures likely to be encountered during airplane and missile operations up to 100,000 feet. The results are in general agreement with those from previous investigations of upper-air temperatures and indicate that the mean temperatures from the tropopause to 100,000 feet tend to increase fairly regularly and rapidly for southern locations, whereas a smaller increase occurs for more northerly locations. The scatter in the temperatures about the mean generally decreased with increasing altitude from the tropopause to 100,000 feet. Little, if any, effect of location upon the temperature was apparent for altitudes above about 90,000 feet.