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Assessing the Price of Short-Term Credit

Assessing the Price of Short-Term Credit
Author: Thomas A. Durkin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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In 1968 Congress passed the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) to require written disclosures of key credit terms for consumers, including finance charges, payment sizes, payment totals, and interest rates mathematically calculated as a defined Annual Percentage Rate (APR). Much has changed in the markets for consumer credit since passage of TILA, including widespread quotation, discussion, and even advertising of APRs mandated by TILA for disclosures. It does not follow, however, that APRs are the only terms important to consumers or even the most useful in all situations. This paper examines current TILA disclosures relevant to short-term-credit customers. Employing examples, it shows that finance charges expressed in dollars can be more useful for these loan customers than APRs, since finance charges are close to theoretically correct for the purposes intended, easier to understand, more directly related to the time period of the loan, and able to differentiate among varying costs of small amounts of short-term credit better than APRs. Although these findings do not argue for a wholesale change in the legal scheme of TILA, they do help explain evidence that dollar charges have long been of greater concern to some consumers than interest rates, why a focus among some consumers on charges expressed in dollars rather than APRs should not be considered disturbing, and that some reasonable renovations might be in order to improve the usefulness of TILA disclosures.


Introduction to Business

Introduction to Business
Author: Lawrence J. Gitman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 732
Release: 2018
Genre: Business
ISBN: 9781947172555

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Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond.


Estimating the Costs of Financial Regulation

Estimating the Costs of Financial Regulation
Author: Mr.Andre Santos
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 43
Release: 2012-09-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 147551008X

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Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief and written in nontechnical language, and so are aimed at a broad audience interested in economic policy issues. This Web-only series replaced Staff Position Notes in January 2011.


Credit Risk Assessment

Credit Risk Assessment
Author: Clark R. Abrahams
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2009-04-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470461683

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Credit Risk Assessment The New Lending System for Borrowers, Lenders, and Investors Credit Risk Assessment: The New Lending System for Borrowers, Lenders, and Investors equips you with an effective comprehensive credit assessment framework (CCAF) that can provide early warning of risk, thanks to its forward-looking analyses that do not rely on the premise that the past determines the future. Revealing how an existing credit underwriting system can be extended to embrace all relevant factors and business contexts in order to accurately classify credit risk and drive all transactions in a transparent manner, Credit Risk Assessment clearly lays out the facts. This well-timed book explores how your company can improve its current credit assessment system to balance risk and return and prevent future financial disruptions. Describing how a new and comprehensive lending framework can achieve more complete and accurate credit risk assessment while improving loan transparency, affordability, and performance, Credit Risk Assessment addresses: How a CCAF connects borrowers, lenders, and investors—with greater transparency The current financial crisis and its implications The root cause to weaknesses in loan underwriting practices and lending systems The main drivers that undermine borrowers, lenders, and investors Why a new generation of lending systems is needed Market requirements and how a comprehensive risk assessment framework can meet them The notion of an underwriting gap and how it affects the lenders' underwriting practices Typical issues associated with credit scoring models How improper use of credit scoring in underwriting underestimates the borrower's credit risk The ways in which the current lending system fails to address loan affordability How mortgage and capital market financial innovation relates to the crisis


Financial Stability and Interest-Rate Policy

Financial Stability and Interest-Rate Policy
Author: Mr.Andrea Pescatori
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2016-03-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475522673

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Should monetary policy use its short-term policy rate to stabilize the growth in household credit and housing prices with the aim of promoting financial stability? We ask this question for the case of Canada. We find that to a first approximation, the answer is no— especially when the economy is slowing down.


Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements
Author: International Accounting Standards Board
Publisher:
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2006
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Evaluating the Costs of Government Credit Support Programs During COVID-19: International Evidence

Evaluating the Costs of Government Credit Support Programs During COVID-19: International Evidence
Author: Mr. Gee Hee Hong
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 62
Release: 2023-01-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Advanced economies made available more than 5 trillion USD through government-supported credit guarantee and direct loan programs to provide lifelines to firms in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notwithstanding the unprecedented scale of credit made available, an in-depth analysis of the fiscal consequences is missing, and the costs of these programs are not recognized in a transparent way. In this paper, we fill in an important aspect of the fiscal picture by estimating the subsidies that were provided by the largest credit guarantee programs introduced in 2020 in seven advanced economies. We estimate the subsidies on a fair value basis that provides a consistent and comprehensive upfront measure of cost. We explain the logic behind applying a fair value framework in a government context and compare it to alternative approaches. For the programs that we examine, total credit extended totaled 1.7 trillion USD. The subsidy element (cash-equivalent subsidy) is estimated to be 67 percent of loan principal on average (37 percent, excluding the US PPP), with a wide range across programs, from 12 to 100 percent. The variation is explained by differences across programs including eligibility criteria, loan terms, compensation to lenders, and other program design choices.