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Global Sources of Local Pollution

Global Sources of Local Pollution
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2010-02-15
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0309144019

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Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.


Long-Range Transport of Airborne Pollutants

Long-Range Transport of Airborne Pollutants
Author: H.C. Martin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 417
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400979665

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Long-Range Transport of Airborne Pollutants and Acid Rain Conference This issue of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution is devoted to the collection of papers presented at the Long-Range Transport of Airborne Pollutants and Acid Rain Con ference held at Albany, N.Y., April 27-30, 1981. The issue includes most of the invited papers as well as a good number of the poster papers. The conference consisted of seven plenary sessions at which the invited papers were presented. After each session the participants discussed the session topic in the poster area where the subject was further explored and expanded. The seven technical sessions were: (1) Networks. (2) Models of Delivery. (3) Interactions with Soils and Ground Water. (4) Calibrated Water Sheds. (5) Effects on Aquatic Biota. (6) Effects on Terrestrial Biota. (7) Health implications. The closing session was devoted to the topic 'The Application of Scientific and Technical Data to the Development of Government Policy; Acid Rain - A Case Study'. The four papers given are not included here.


Nitrogen Loading in Coastal Water Bodies

Nitrogen Loading in Coastal Water Bodies
Author: Richard A. Valigura
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2001-01-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0875902715

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 57. Every time it rains, biologically active nitrogen compounds are transferred from the air to whatever surface lies underneath; what a farmer once called "the poor man's fertilizer." In fact, nitrogen containing compounds are transferred between surface and atmosphere even when it is not raining. That this atmospheric nitrogen deposition impacts on the environment is a scientifically accepted fact, established during the acid rain debates led by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The extent to which this deposition contributes to the decline of coastal waters around the United States due to over fertilization, however, is still under debate. In response to and as a continuation of this debate is the current work before you: the first attempt to consistently and comprehensively estimate the relative contribution of atmospherically delivered nitrogen to the total amount of nitrogen entering coastal estuaries around the United States.


Coastal Water Bodies

Coastal Water Bodies
Author: Felicita Scapini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 177
Release: 2010-04-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9048188547

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Addressing the links between science and the real world with a sound scientific baseline, Coastal Water Bodies targets researchers of various disciplines whose interest lies in the integrated sustainable management of coastal water bodies. The main topic of this book is not the ecology according to its accepted meaning, but rather the ‘places and people’ concerned – the coastal zones of the Mediterranean that are rich in ecological value and the local people who survive thanks to these environmental resources. Integration is the joint consideration of different aspects of water uses and values, and new ways of understanding and managing conflicts around water use are needed if people are to benefit from integration. Sustainability of the ecological and socioeconomic environments requires a climate in which conflicts, if they need to exist, are properly managed in a non-destructive manner.


Urban Climates

Urban Climates
Author: T. R. Oke
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 549
Release: 2017-09-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1108179363

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Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.


The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research

The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2017-01-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309445655

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Our world is changing at an accelerating rate. The global human population has grown from 6.1 billion to 7.1 billion in the last 15 years and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the century. The distribution of humans across the globe has also shifted, with more than 50 percent of the global population now living in urban areas, compared to 29 percent in 1950. Along with these trends, increasing energy demands, expanding industrial activities, and intensification of agricultural activities worldwide have in turn led to changes in emissions that have altered the composition of the atmosphere. These changes have led to major challenges for society, including deleterious impacts on climate, human and ecosystem health. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing society today. Air pollution is a major threat to human health, as one out of eight deaths globally is caused by air pollution. And, future food production and global food security are vulnerable to both global change and air pollution. Atmospheric chemistry research is a key part of understanding and responding to these challenges. The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research: Remembering Yesterday, Understanding Today, Anticipating Tomorrow summarizes the rationale and need for supporting a comprehensive U.S. research program in atmospheric chemistry; comments on the broad trends in laboratory, field, satellite, and modeling studies of atmospheric chemistry; determines the priority areas of research for advancing the basic science of atmospheric chemistry; and identifies the highest priority needs for improvements in the research infrastructure to address those priority research topics. This report describes the scientific advances over the past decade in six core areas of atmospheric chemistry: emissions, chemical transformation, oxidants, atmospheric dynamics and circulation, aerosol particles and clouds, and biogeochemical cycles and deposition. This material was developed for the NSF's Atmospheric Chemistry Program; however, the findings will be of interest to other agencies and programs that support atmospheric chemistry research.