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| Author | : T.A. Ezquerra |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 331 |
| Release | : 2009-06-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3540959688 |
Download Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In a ?rst approximation, certainly rough, one can de?ne as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we canincludedisorderedsolids,softcondensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those de?ned by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple ?uid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex ?uid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may de?ne the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering anddiffractionphenomenaexhibitedbynon-crystallinematerialshavebeenreferred to as non-crystalline diffraction.
| Author | : T.A. Ezquerra |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 331 |
| Release | : 2009-06-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 354095967X |
Download Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In a ?rst approximation, certainly rough, one can de?ne as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we canincludedisorderedsolids,softcondensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those de?ned by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple ?uid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex ?uid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may de?ne the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering anddiffractionphenomenaexhibitedbynon-crystallinematerialshavebeenreferred to as non-crystalline diffraction.
| Author | : Chunhai Fan |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 846 |
| Release | : 2018-05-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3527339868 |
Download Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Meeting the long-felt need for in-depth information on one of the most advanced material characterization methods, a top team of editors and authors from highly prestigious facilities and institutions covers a range of synchrotron techniques that have proven useful for materials research. Following an introduction to synchrotron radiation and its sources, the second part goes on to describe the various techniques that benefit from this especially bright light, including X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering, imaging, and lithography. The thrid and final part provides an overview of the applications of synchrotron radiation in materials science. bridging the gap between specialists in synchrotron research and material scientists, this is a unique and indispensable resource for academic and industrial researchers alike.
| Author | : Philip Willmott, PhD |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 501 |
| Release | : 2019-04-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1119280397 |
Download An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The updated guide to the fundamental concepts, techniques and applications of synchrotron radiation and its applications in this rapidly developing field Synchrotron light is recognized as an invaluable research tool by a broad spectrum of scientists, ranging from physicists to biologists and archaeologists. The comprehensively revised second edition of An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation offers a guide to the basic concepts of the generation and manipulation of synchrotron light, its interaction with matter and the application of synchrotron light in x-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging. The author, a noted expert in the field, reviews the fundamentals of important experimental methods, and explores the most recent technological advances in both the latest generation of x-ray sources and x-ray instrumentation. Designed to be an accessible resource, the book contains full-colour illustrations of the underlying physics and experimental applications, as well as the most commonly-used synchrotron techniques. In particular, the updated second edition now includes: In-depth descriptions of the latest x-ray-source technologies, notably diffraction-limited storage rings and x-ray free-electron lasers The latest advances in instrumentation, x-ray optics, and experimental methods in synchrotron radiation The most recent developments in macromolecular crystallography, time-resolved studies, and imaging techniques A comprehensive set of problems for each chapter, plus their ideal solutions in the appendices. Written for undergraduate and postgraduate students from all areas of the natural and physical sciences, An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation, Second Edition is an invaluable up-to-date reference source in this highly multidisciplinary field. PowerPoint slides of all the figures within the text are available for download, for instructors and users of this book, at http://booksupport.wiley.com
| Author | : Tsun-kong Sham |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 1302 |
| Release | : 2002-05-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9814492027 |
Download Chemical Applications Of Synchrotron Radiation, Part I: Dynamics And Vuv Spectroscopy; Part Ii: X-ray Applications Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The synchrotron light source is becoming widely available, after its evolution from its infancy in the sixties to the present third generation source with insertion devices. It is timely to examine the impact that synchrotron light has made and will continue to make on chemical research. With this objective in mind, the editor of this invaluable book invited contributions from practitioners who are in the forefront of the research. The book summarizes most of the significant developments in the last decade in chemical and related research using synchrotron light. The utilization of the light as a probe as well as an energy source is emphasized.This book is organized into two parts, in order of increasing photon energy. Part I deals with the applications of low energy photons and covers areas such as gas phase photodissociation reactions and dynamics, soft X-ray fluorescence, IR and photoemission analysis of surfaces, spectroscopy of organic and polymeric materials, catalysts, electronic and magnetic materials, and spectromicroscopy. Part II encompasses applications using soft to hard X-rays, including spectroscopy of surface and thin films, XAFS, diffraction and scattering, and several technological applications, namely the microprobe, photoetching and tribology.
| Author | : P. G. Allen |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2001-11-13 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781558996144 |
Download Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Techniques to Materials Science IV: Volume 678 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Much like earlier books in the series, this collection of papers, first published in 2001, brings together the materials science community and the characterization techniques that use synchrotron radiation. Surfaces, interfaces, electronic materials, thin films, carbides, polymers and alloys are all addressed. And while the editors did not anticipate that the cluster of papers treating cementitious materials would necessitate a separate section, it is interesting to see the application of cutting-edge techniques to Portland cement, a very complex materials system long used in engineering structures. Topics include: X-ray diffraction - structures and transformations; X-ray diffraction - stress, strain and texture; microtomography and microdiffraction; SR methods applied to cementitious materials; magnetic materials; X-ray absorption and photoemission; and X-ray scattering and interfaces.
| Author | : Friedrich Lottspeich |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 1810 |
| Release | : 2018-03-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527694463 |
Download Bioanalytics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Analytical methods are the essential enabling tools of the modern biosciences. This book presents a comprehensive introduction into these analytical methods, including their physical and chemical backgrounds, as well as a discussion of the strengths and weakness of each method. It covers all major techniques for the determination and experimental analysis of biological macromolecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. The presentation includes frequent cross-references in order to highlight the many connections between different techniques. The book provides a bird's eye view of the entire subject and enables the reader to select the most appropriate method for any given bioanalytical challenge. This makes the book a handy resource for students and researchers in setting up and evaluating experimental research. The depth of the analysis and the comprehensive nature of the coverage mean that there is also a great deal of new material, even for experienced experimentalists. The following techniques are covered in detail: - Purification and determination of proteins - Measuring enzymatic activity - Microcalorimetry - Immunoassays, affinity chromatography and other immunological methods - Cross-linking, cleavage, and chemical modification of proteins - Light microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy - Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques - Protein sequence and composition analysis - Mass spectrometry methods - Measuring protein-protein interactions - Biosensors - NMR and EPR of biomolecules - Electron microscopy and X-ray structure analysis - Carbohydrate and lipid analysis - Analysis of posttranslational modifications - Isolation and determination of nucleic acids - DNA hybridization techniques - Polymerase chain reaction techniques - Protein sequence and composition analysis - DNA sequence and epigenetic modification analysis - Analysis of protein-nucleic acid interactions - Analysis of sequence data - Proteomics, metabolomics, peptidomics and toponomics - Chemical biology
| Author | : Tamilselvan Mohan |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 718 |
| Release | : 2023-02-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3527827668 |
Download Functional Biomaterials Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A succinct handbook explaining interdisciplinary processing, methods, and applications of bio-based materials This book merges the two most important trends in biomaterials: functionalization and renewable chemistry. It covers a variety of biopolymers and various approaches for the transformation of these biopolymers into functional units. Sample topics covered by the two well-qualified authors include: Fundamental knowledge of biopolymers–natural ones, such as cellulose and other polysaccharides, and synthetic ones, such as polyethylene The origin, classifications, chemical nature, and isolation methods of specific biopolymers The different classical and modern approaches for the transformation of biopolymers into different shapes, ranging from thin films (model surfaces), to nanoparticles, to nanofibers, all the way to 3D scaffolds The morphology, structure, shape, thermal, electrical, and surface properties of biomaterials This all-inclusive reference guide, which covers fundamentals, methods, and applications alike, is a key resource for both students and practicing scientists involved in programs of study or disciplines that intersect with the field of biomaterials.
| Author | : Xian Jun Loh |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 275 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1849735611 |
Download Polymeric and Self Assembled Hydrogels Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The only book to give a complete picture of current hydrogel research, covering all the major applications as well as the fundamental principles behind them.
| Author | : Manuel Ross |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 124 |
| Release | : 2016-01-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319286463 |
Download Atomic Diffusion in Glasses Studied with Coherent X-Rays Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This thesis provides the first successful study of jump diffusion processes in glasses on the atomic scale, utilizing a novel coherent technique. This new method, called atomic-scale X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy or aXPCS, has only recently been proven to be able to capture diffusion processes with atomic resolution in crystal systems. With this new toolkit for studying atomic diffusion in amorphous systems, new insight into basic processes in a wide range of technically relevant materials, like fast ionic conductors, can be obtained.
