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Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French

Anglo-American Policy towards the Free French
Author: G. Maguire
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 221
Release: 1995-11-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0230371647

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This book examines the development of the tiny dissident movement that was Free France in 1940 into a broad-based, popularly supported provisional government. This metamorphosis was to a large extent dependent upon Allied support. Therefore this book discusses the individual attitudes of the British and American governments towards the Gaullist movement and tries to explain why they differed and how their points of view were eventually reconciled. In order to do this both the nature of Gaullism and the tensions in the Anglo-American relationship are considered.


Anglo-American Policy Towards the Free French

Anglo-American Policy Towards the Free French
Author: G. E. Maguire
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 210
Release: 1995-01-01
Genre: France
ISBN: 9780312127107

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In June 1940 Charles de Gaulle, the little-known Under-Secretary of Defence in the last undoubtedly legitimate government of the Third French Republic, rejected the Franco-German Armistice and fled to London in order to a recreate a Free France. He became the leader of a tiny dissident movement that was almost entirely funded by the British government. However, four years later this movement had grown into the broad-based and popularly supported Provisional Government of France. This amazing transformation took place largely through British American assistance. This book examines how Anglo-American policy towards the Free French was decided and how it was affected by tensions both with the French and between the two English-speaking Allies. It tries to explain the differing attitudes of Britain and the United States and how they were reconciled to shape a more or less common policy. It is also the story of the men who made that policy, and particularly of Churchill, Roosevelt and de Gaulle.


When France Fell

When France Fell
Author: Michael S. Neiberg
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2021-10-19
Genre: History
ISBN: 0674258568

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Shocked by the fall of France in 1940, panicked US leaders rushed to back the Vichy governmentÑa fateful decision that nearly destroyed the AngloÐAmerican alliance. According to US Secretary of War Henry Stimson, the Òmost shocking single eventÓ of World War II was not the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, but rather the fall of France in spring 1940. Michael Neiberg offers a dramatic history of the American responseÑa policy marked by panic and moral ineptitude, which placed the United States in league with fascism and nearly ruined the alliance with Britain. The successful Nazi invasion of France destabilized American plannersÕ strategic assumptions. At home, the result was huge increases in defense spending, the advent of peacetime military conscription, and domestic spying to weed out potential fifth columnists. Abroad, the United States decided to work with Vichy France despite its pro-Nazi tendencies. The USÐVichy partnership, intended to buy time and temper the flames of war in Europe, severely strained AngloÐAmerican relations. American leaders naively believed that they could woo men like Philippe PŽtain, preventing France from becoming a formal German ally. The British, however, understood that Vichy was subservient to Nazi Germany and instead supported resistance figures such as Charles de Gaulle. After the war, the choice to back Vichy tainted USÐFrench relations for decades. Our collective memory of World War II as a period of American strength overlooks the desperation and faulty decision making that drove US policy from 1940 to 1943. Tracing the key diplomatic and strategic moves of these formative years, When France Fell gives us a more nuanced and complete understanding of the war and of the global position the United States would occupy afterward.


When France Fell

When France Fell
Author: Michael S. Neiberg
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2021-10-29
Genre: History
ISBN: 067427010X

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Winner of the Society for Military History’s Distinguished Book Award Shocked by the fall of France in 1940, panicked US leaders rushed to back the Vichy government—a fateful decision that nearly destroyed the Anglo–American alliance. According to US Secretary of War Henry Stimson, the “most shocking single event” of World War II was not the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, but rather the fall of France in spring 1940. Michael Neiberg offers a dramatic history of the American response—a policy marked by panic and moral ineptitude, which placed the United States in league with fascism and nearly ruined the alliance with Britain. The successful Nazi invasion of France destabilized American planners’ strategic assumptions. At home, the result was huge increases in defense spending, the advent of peacetime military conscription, and domestic spying to weed out potential fifth columnists. Abroad, the United States decided to work with Vichy France despite its pro-Nazi tendencies. The US–Vichy partnership, intended to buy time and temper the flames of war in Europe, severely strained Anglo–American relations. American leaders naively believed that they could woo men like Philippe Pétain, preventing France from becoming a formal German ally. The British, however, understood that Vichy was subservient to Nazi Germany and instead supported resistance figures such as Charles de Gaulle. After the war, the choice to back Vichy tainted US–French relations for decades. Our collective memory of World War II as a period of American strength overlooks the desperation and faulty decision making that drove US policy from 1940 to 1943. Tracing the key diplomatic and strategic moves of these formative years, When France Fell gives us a more nuanced and complete understanding of the war and of the global position the United States would occupy afterward.


France, Britain and the United States in the Twentieth Century: Volume 2, 1940–1961

France, Britain and the United States in the Twentieth Century: Volume 2, 1940–1961
Author: Andrew J. Williams
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2019-12-31
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1137414448

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"In his account of the relationship between France, the UK and the US Andrew Williams successfully intertwines diplomatic history with international thought. We are presented with a historical stage that includes both the doers and the thinkers of the age, and as a result this is a must read for both diplomatic historians and historians of international thought. The second in a multivolume study, this volume takes the story beyond the fall of France into the war years, the period of post-war reconstruction, and the Cold War. As with the first volume, Williams is an excellent guide, stepping over the ruins of past worlds, and introducing us to an epoch with more than its fair share of both visionaries and villains. Yet in this second volume the stakes are higher, as the United States comes to terms with its role as the paramount world power, Britain faces a world that challenges its imperial order, and France is picking up the pieces from its defeat." Lucian Ashworth, Memorial University, Canada "Following on from his outstanding first volume reviewing the complex interwar relationships between France, Britain and the United States, Williams’ second volume is an indispensable and lucid overview of the vitally important era of post-war reconstruction. From national post-war developments to institutional structures and superpower shifts, Williams examines clearly and engagingly the final passing of pre-modern power structures and the emergence of a new Europe." Amelia Hadfield, University of Surrey, UK /div"At a time of intense debates about Europe, the ‘Anglosphere’ and empires old and new, Andrew Williams’s book is a timely demonstration that the weight of emotion in the shaping of foreign policy and its makers should not be forgotten. Unearthing some of the ‘forces profondes’ in diplomacy and reflecting on feelings of humiliation and liberation in national constructs, Andrew Williams discusses the cultural conceptions and misconceptions that French, American and British diplomats had of each other, thereby revisiting the reasons why the ‘special relationship’ was largely a myth – but one which had tangible consequences on French and British policies in their retreat from empire. By connecting the personal and the national, the structural and accidental, Williams offers essential insights into the major conflicts of the period and their impact on diplomatic cultures across the Atlantic." Mélanie Torrent, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France The second volume of this study of France’s unique contribution to the international relations of the last century covers the period from the Fall of France in 1940 to Charles de Gaulle’s triumphant return to power in the late 1950s. France had gone from being a victorious member of the coalition with Britain and the United States that won the First World War to a defeated nation in a few short weeks. France then experienced the humiliation of collaboration with and occupation by the enemy, followed by resistance and liberation and a slow return to global influence over the next twenty years. This volume examines how these processes played out by concentrating on France’s relations with Britain and the United States, most importantly over questions of post-war order, the integration of Europe and the withdrawal from Empire.


The Politics of Persuasion

The Politics of Persuasion
Author: Desmond Dinan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 324
Release: 1988
Genre: History
ISBN:

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As a case study of foreign policy formation and implementation, this text is intended to add to our understanding of the course and conduct of the Second World War, and the dynamics of contemporary international relations. Most important, this book shows wartime Anglo-French relations in a new light by analyzing primarily British policy towards the French African Empire between the defeat of France in June 1940 and the Allied invasion of Morocco and Algeria in November 1942. Contents: include: La Guerre A Outrance?; Free French Africa; Full Circle: French North Africa, October 1940-March 1941; The Moroccan Question; Stemming the Tide; The Madagascar Compromise; Prelude to "Torch".


Rearming the French

Rearming the French
Author: Marcel Vigneras
Publisher:
Total Pages: 472
Release: 1957
Genre: France
ISBN:

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The reemergence of French national forces in the war against the Axis Powers, and the role of large-scale American aid.


Britain and the Defeated French

Britain and the Defeated French
Author: Peter Mangold
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2010-11-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 0857720708

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The four years between the military defeat of France by Nazi Germany and D-Day were vital, dramatic and eventful years in Anglo-French relations. These years saw the first armed clashes between France and Britain since the Napoleonic Wars, including the infamous Royal Navy attack on the French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir. They also saw a curious relationship developing between Britain and Vichy France. Vichy was at once a hostile power, under German domination, and at the same time a porous regime through which British influence on its politics, attitudes towards the Resistance and the transit of British soldiers and airmen through its territory en route to Spain, could flow quite freely. Britain had an ambivalent attitude towards Vichy - obviously adversarial, but also pragmatic. The history of Vichy France is often viewed as a sideshow in the overall context of World War II. However, Peter Mangold here shows that the Vichy attitude towards the allies, especially the British, was ambivalent and complex. His absorbing and up-to-date account, based on original historical research, highlights the conflicts within the Vichy regime and the ways in which contacts and connections with de Gaulle in London and the British Government were maintained. This exciting and fast-paced book brings to life the major characters in the story - not only Churchill and de Gaulle, but also Macmillan, Petain and Leclerc. In this book, Mangold deftly reassesses the complex international wartime chessboard and, in the process, reveals a little known aspect of the World War II story.


War of Words

War of Words
Author: Rachel Chin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2022-07-21
Genre: History
ISBN: 1009181017

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Analyses the imperial clashes in the Franco-British relationship during the Second World War.


American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II
Author: Andrew Buchanan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2014-02-10
Genre: History
ISBN: 1107044146

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This book argues that the United States had a powerful and sustained grand strategic approach to the countries of the Mediterranean during World War II and that, under the active leadership of Franklin Roosevelt, it attained substantial wartime and post-war advantage by pursuing this course.