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Special Report

Special Report
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 56
Release: 1992
Genre: Arctic regions
ISBN:

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Fracture of Lake and Sea Ice

Fracture of Lake and Sea Ice
Author: Wilford Frank Weeks
Publisher:
Total Pages: 92
Release: 1969
Genre: Fracture mechanics
ISBN:

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The increased activity in cold regions has made a thorough understanding of fracture in lake and sea ice quite desirable, inasmuch as this information has application to a number of problems of geophysical as well as engineering importance. This survey starts with a discussion of the structure of ice I and the macro- and microstructure of sea and lake ice as well as their chemistry and phase relations. Recent work on the direct observation of dislocations as well as the formation of cracks in ice is summarized. Formal ice-brine-air models for analyzing variations in ice strength are also reviewed. The results of the different types of tests are discussed and compared (compressive, indentation, direct and ring-tension, small beam flexure and in situ cantilevers and simple beams, shear, and impact). Scale effects are considered as well as the rapid strength deterioration experienced by ice sheets in the spring. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning future research in this field. (Author).


Ice-engineering

Ice-engineering
Author: M. G. Katona
Publisher:
Total Pages: 156
Release: 1973
Genre: Ice mechanics
ISBN:

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Increasing operational use od ice areas in polar regions has heightened the requirement for improved knowledge and techniques to analyze the behavior of sea ice. Previous studies on elastic behavior are reviewed with emphasis placed on plate analysis. Classical plate theory and the finite element method are compared in analyzing ice plates, with special attention given to sea-ice airfields. Since elastic analysis is not totally representative of actual ice behavior, a general formulation is presented which gives the assumptions and procedures for both viscoelastic and nonlinear domains of sea-ice behavior. A laboratory program is being initiated to determine material properties that are necessary to extend sea-ice analysis into the inelastic range. (Author).


Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering

Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering
Author: Weicheng Cui
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 2203
Release: 2022-06-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811069468

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This encyclopedia adopts a wider definition for the concept of ocean engineering. Specifically, it includes (1) offshore engineering: fixed and floating offshore oil and gas platforms; pipelines and risers; cables and moorings; buoy technology; foundation engineering; ocean mining; marine and offshore renewable energy; aquaculture engineering; and subsea engineering; (2) naval architecture: ship and special marine vehicle design; intact and damaged stability; technology for energy efficiency and green shipping; ship production technology; decommissioning and recycling; (3) polar and Arctic Engineering: ice mechanics; ice-structure interaction; polar operations; polar design; environmental protection; (4) underwater technologies: AUV/ROV design; AUV/ROV hydrodynamics; maneuvering and control; and underwater-specific communicating and sensing systems for AUV/ROVs. It summarizes the A–Z of the background and application knowledge of ocean engineering for use by ocean scientists and ocean engineers as well as nonspecialists such as engineers and scientists from all disciplines, economists, students, and politicians. Ocean engineering theories, ocean devices and equipment, ocean design and operation technologies are described by international experts, many from industry and each entry offers an introduction and references for further study, making current technology and operating practices available for future generations to learn from. The book also furthers our understanding of the current state of the art, leading to new and more efficient technologies with breakthroughs from new theory and materials. As the land resources approach the exploitation limit, ocean resources are becoming the next choice for the sustainable development. As such, ocean engineering is vital in the 21st century.


Dynamic Young's Modulus and Flexural Strength of Sea Ice

Dynamic Young's Modulus and Flexural Strength of Sea Ice
Author: Guenther E. Frankenstein
Publisher:
Total Pages: 24
Release: 1970
Genre: Sea ice
ISBN:

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The report describes the results of tests made to determine the dynamic Young's modulus E of young sea ice. The ice samples were mainly parallelepipeds but a few were 7.62-cm-diam cores. The longitudinal wave velocity was determined by measuring the time required for a sound wave to travel the length of the sample. The flexural strength of the ice was determined by conducting a number of simple beam tests. The average value for the flexural strength was 11.3 kg/sq cm. (Author).