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Analysis and Characterization of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Plasmonic Metamaterials

Analysis and Characterization of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Plasmonic Metamaterials
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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Metamaterials are materials whose optical properties can be designed through the accurate engineering of their structure on the subwavelength scale. They have enabled the discovery and study of a variety of interesting new optical properties not normally present in materials found in nature. Furthermore, by designing the local electromagnetic field distributions of such metamaterials, it is possible to engineer not only their linear optical properties but also their nonlinear response, which is fundamental for the development of nonlinear and active nanophotonics for all-optical information processing. In this thesis I will show that plasmonic metamaterials based on metallic nanorod arrays can be designed to have strong third-order nonlinear optical response originating from the nonlinearity of the plasmonic component of the metamaterial, allowing nonlinear processes to be more energy efficient and highly integrated. The nonlinearity will be experimentally determined through the z-scan technique and explained by numerical modeling in both effective medium and fullvectorial simulations. Enhancements of about 50 times for the nonlinear absorption and about 10 times for the nonlinear refraction are observed compared to a smooth metal film. Furthermore, the properties of waveguides comprised of the nanorod metamaterial are studied and the possibility of their integration in conventional Si photonic waveguides is demonstrated. In this context, two all-optical modulators using plasmonic metamaterials are designed, operating in the hyperbolic and epsilon near-zero regimes. Both designs are highly integrated and energy efficient having footprints of 300x440x600 nm3 and 300xl80x340 nm3 with an energy consumption of 3.7 pJ/bit and 0.6pJ/bit respectively. The obtained results show great opportunities for nonlinear metamaterials in nanophotonic applications.


Plasmonic Materials and Metastructures

Plasmonic Materials and Metastructures
Author: Shangjr Gwo
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 347
Release: 2023-09-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0323860184

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Plasmonic Materials and Metastructures: Fundamentals, Current Status, and Perspectives reviews the current status and emerging trends in the development of conventional and alternative plasmonic materials. Sections cover fundamentals and emerging trends of plasmonic materials development, including synthesis strategies (chemical and physical) and optical characterization techniques. Next, the book addresses fundamentals, properties, remaining barriers for commercial translation, and the latest advances and opportunities for conventional noble metal plasmonic materials. Fundamentals and advances for alternative plasmonic materials are also reviewed, including two-dimensional hybrid materials composed of graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, boron nitride, etc. In addition, other sections cover applications of plasmonic metastructures enabled by plasmonic materials with improved material properties and newly discovered functionalities. Applications reviewed include quantum plasmonics, topological plasmonics, chiral plasmonics, nanolasers, imaging (metalens), active, and integrated technologies. Provides an overview of materials properties, characterization and fabrication techniques for plasmonic metastructured materials Includes key concepts and advances for a wide range of metastructured materials, including metamaterials, metasurfaces and epsilon-near-zero plasmonic metastructures Discusses emerging applications and barriers to commercial translation for quantum plasmonics, topological plasmonics, nanolasers, imaging and integrated technologies


Plasmonics and Plasmonic Metamaterials

Plasmonics and Plasmonic Metamaterials
Author: G. Shvets
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 469
Release: 2012
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9814355283

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Manipulation of plasmonics from nano to micro scale. 1. Introduction. 2. Form-Birefringent metal and its plasmonic anisotropy. 3. Plasmonic photonic crystal. 4. Fourier plasmonics. 5. Nanoscale optical field localization. 6. Conclusions and outlook -- 11. Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide components. 1. Introduction. 2. Design of waveguide dimensions. 3. Sample preparation and near-field characterization. 4. Excitation and propagation of guided modes. 5. Waveguide bends and splitters. 6. Coupling between waveguides. 7. Waveguide-ring resonators. 8. Bragg gratings. 9. Discussion-- 12. Manipulating nanoparticles and enhancing spectroscopy with surface plasmons. 1. Introduction. 2. Propulsion of gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon polaritons. 3. Double resonance substrates for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. 4. Conclusions and outlook -- 13. Analysis of light scattering by nanoobjects on a plane surface via discrete sources method. 1. Introduction. 2. Light scattering by a nanorod. 3. Light scattering by a nanoshell. 4. Summary -- 14. Computational techniques for plasmonic antennas and waveguides. 1. Introduction. 2. Time domain solvers. 3. Frequency domain solvers. 4. Plasmonic antennas. 5. Plasmonic waveguides. 6. Advanced structures. 7. Conclusions


Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials
Author: Rashid A. Ganeev
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2013-01-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400760221

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This book is mostly concerned on the experimental research of the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, low- and high-order harmonic generation in different materials, and formation, and nonlinear optical characterization of clusters. We also demonstrate the inter-connection between these areas of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optical properties of media such as optical limiting can be applied in various areas of science and technology. To define suitable materials for these applications, one has to carefully analyse the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, such as the nonlinear refractive indices, coefficients of nonlinear absorption, saturation absorption intensities, etc. Knowing the nonlinear optical parameters of materials is also important for describing the propagation effects, self-interaction of intense laser pulses, and optimisation of various nonlinear optical processes. Among those processes one can admit the importance of the studies of the frequency conversion of coherent laser sources. The area of interest for nonlinear optical characterization of materials is also closely related with new field of nanostructures formation and application during laser-matter interaction. We show how the nonlinear optical analysis of materials leads to improvement of their high-order nonlinear optical response during the interaction with strong laser fields. Ablation-induced nanoparticles formation is correlated with their applications as efficient sources of coherent short-wavelength photons. From other side, recent achievements of harmonic generation in plasmas are closely related with the knowledge of the properties of materials in the laser plumes. All of these studies are concerned with the low-order nonlinear optical features of various materials. The novelty of the approach developed in present book is related with inter-connection of those studies with each other.


Optical Characterization of Plasmonic Metamaterials

Optical Characterization of Plasmonic Metamaterials
Author: David Jaeyun Cho
Publisher:
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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Optical metamaterials are artificially engineered structures composed of subwavelength units. They exhibit exotic optical properties that are unobserved or unattainable in nature. Recent efforts have led to the observation of many interesting phenomena and as well as promising applications such as super-resolution imaging and transformation optics. At optical frequencies, the functionalities of metamaterials are achieved through excitation of plasmons as most structures are metal-dielectric composites. The objective of this dissertation is to provide the tools and study the unique properties and novel phenomena of plasmonic metamaterials. We first theoretically study a pair of nanobars to properly understand artificial magnetism which is important in most metamaterials. Then we experimentally investigate the optical properties of the "fishnet" metamaterial using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. First, we probe the plasmonic band structure using angle- and polarization- resolved linear spectroscopy. Most interestingly, we observe dark magnetic modes and their coupling to bright modes leading to avoid-crossing behavior typical of quantum systems. The k-dependent effective optical constants are measured through phase measurements confirming the dispersion of the magnetic resonance. Second, second-harmonic generation spectroscopy is carried out showing significant resonance enhancement achieved through the excitation of plasmons. The observations are substantiated with theory to validate our physical understanding of nonlinear wave-mixing processes in metamaterials. Finally, we carry out pump-probe spectroscopy to understand the dynamic behavior. The optical responses are shown to be modulated in femtosecond time scale. The modulation magnitude is greatly enhanced while the dynamics is mainly determined by the constituting dielectric medium.


Nanostructured Nonlinear Optical Materials

Nanostructured Nonlinear Optical Materials
Author: Rashid A. Ganeev
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018-06-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780128143032

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Nanostructured Nonlinear Optical Materials: Formation and Fabrication covers the analysis of the formation, characterization and optical nonlinearities of various nanostructures using different methods. It addresses many areas of research in the field, including the modification of the surfaces of materials for the formation of various nanostructures, transmission electron microscopy and time-of-flight mass spectroscopy studies of ablated bulk and nanoparticle targets, the low-order nonlinearities of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, the nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption of carbon-contained nanoparticles, and low- and high-order harmonic generation in nanoparticle-contained plasmas, amongst other topics. The book is an essential reference for all nanomaterials researchers in the fields of photonics, materials, physics, chemistry and nanotechnology.


Nonlinear Optics

Nonlinear Optics
Author: Boris I. Lembrikov
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 146
Release: 2022-03-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1839628359

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This book examines nonlinear optical effects in nonlinear nanophotonics, plasmonics, and novel materials for nonlinear optics. It discusses different types of plasmonic excitations such as volume plasmons, localized surface plasmons, and surface plasmon polaritons. It also examines the specific features of nonlinear optical phenomena in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. Chapters cover such topics as applications of nanophotonics, novel materials for nonlinear optics based on nanoparticles, polymers, and photonic glasses.


Active Plasmonics and Tuneable Plasmonic Metamaterials

Active Plasmonics and Tuneable Plasmonic Metamaterials
Author: Anatoly V. Zayats
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 266
Release: 2013-05-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 111863442X

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This book, edited by two of the most respected researchers in plasmonics, gives an overview of the current state in plasmonics and plasmonic-based metamaterials, with an emphasis on active functionalities and an eye to future developments. This book is multifunctional, useful for newcomers and scientists interested in applications of plasmonics and metamaterials as well as for established researchers in this multidisciplinary area.


Design and Optical Characterization of Anisotropic Plasmonic Metamaterials at Visible and Infrared Wavelengths

Design and Optical Characterization of Anisotropic Plasmonic Metamaterials at Visible and Infrared Wavelengths
Author: Nikolaos Vasilantonakis
Publisher:
Total Pages: 498
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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The field of plasmonics studies the interaction of light and free electrons in metals, giving rise to excitation of surface waves, on a metallodielectric interface. One branch of plasmonics is the design of metamaterials in visible and infrared spectral range which are artificial structures designed to manipulate the propagation of light in a way not possible with conventional materials. This thesis is categorized in 3 main parts. The first part examines the effects of waveguided modes in Au nanorod metamaterial waveguides. It shows, both theoretically and experimentally, that these materials can be designed to control the sign and magnitude of modal group velocity depending on the geometry and polarization chosen exhibiting high effective refractive indices (up to 10) and have an unusual cut-off from the high-frequency side, providing deep-subwavelength (.\0/6 - ,\0/8 waveguide thickness) single-mode guiding. This allows slow light to exist in such waveguides in a controllable environment which is a critical factor for nonlinear and active nanophotonic devices, quantum information processing, buffering and optical data storage components. The second part discusses, analytically and numerically, strategies for biosensing and nonlinearity enhancement with hyperbolic nanorod metamaterials. It shows how the sensitivity of unbound, leaky as well as waveguided modes can be enhanced based on geometrical considerations. Additionally, refractive index variation of the host medium produces 2 orders of magni- 4 5 tude higher sensitivity compared to nanorod or superstrate refractive index changes. In certain configurations, both TE and TM-modes of the metamaterial transducer have comparable sensitivities opening up opportunities for polarization multiplexing in sensing experiments.


Computational Studies of Linear and Non-linear Optical Properties of Nano-Structured Metamaterials

Computational Studies of Linear and Non-linear Optical Properties of Nano-Structured Metamaterials
Author: Claudiu G. Biris
Publisher:
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this thesis, a comprehensive analytical and numerical study of optical non-linear effects in plasmonic metamaterials is presented. The new results reported and described in this work can potentially have a significant impact on our understanding of electromagnetic phenomena in artificial optical materials, and facilitate the design and fabrication of new active optical devices with new or enhanced functionality. Equally important, these results could lead to deeper physical insights into the fundamental properties of these metamaterials. To this end, a new analytical formalism based on the multiple scattering theory has been developed, a theoretical framework that allows one to fully characterise the linear and non-linear electromagnetic properties of arbitrary distributions of metallic nanowires. This formalism is unique in allowing readily retrieval of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field both at the fundamental frequency (linear analysis) and the second harmonic (non-linear optical response). The formalism also allows for both frequency- and time-domain investigations. Based on this work, a new software tool with unique features has been implemented and used to achieve a better understanding of the intricate electromagnetic phenomena occurring in nano-structured plasmonic systems. In particular, this tool has been used to design and investigate numerically several new non-linear plasmonic structures and nanodevices with remarkable properties. Amongst them were non-linear plasmonic cavities with high quality factors, plasmonic cavities that support non-linear whispering gallery modes and sub-wavelength non-linear plasmonic sensors with enhanced sensitivity and reduced device volume. Several other plasmonic systems that show tremendous potential for the development of advanced metamaterials-based devices have also been explored. Specifically, it was demonstrated that nano-patterned metasurfaces can be employed to achieve polarisation controlled electromagnetic response in arrays of cruciform apertures and magnetisation induced second harmonic generation in chiral metallic structures. The numerical investigation of photonic superlattices exhibiting zero effective index of refraction has also been discussed.