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An Integrative Approach to Study the Safety Issues of Food Products Imported from China

An Integrative Approach to Study the Safety Issues of Food Products Imported from China
Author: Bin Liu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 144
Release: 2012
Genre: Electronic Dissertations
ISBN:
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The role of China as one source of U.S. food imports is becoming more and more important, but in recent years there have been several serious incidents about safety issues of food imported from China. This dissertation aims at finding solution for this problem from two different approaches: scientific and behavioral. In the scientific approach, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with two types of nanosubstrates was used to detect various chemical contaminants in real food matrices. The results showed that SERS has great potential in first-line food safety defense as a rapid, reliable, and accurate method. In the behavioral approach, we modeled food safety practices among Chinese in the United States and surveyed effects of technology advancement on Chinese food exporters' beliefs of business ethics. Among the various findings, the most important one was that the compliance with business ethics standards cannot be improved by technology advancement solely. This dissertation highlights the importance of connecting scientific research with behavioral intervention programs.

Imports from China and Food Safety Issues

Imports from China and Food Safety Issues
Author: Fred Gale
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2010-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1437921361
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The FDA¿s increased attention to food imports from China is an indicator of safety concerns as imported food becomes more common in the U.S. Addressing safety risks associated with these imports is difficult because of the vast array of products from China, China¿s weak enforcement of food safety standards, its heavy use of ag. chem., and environ. pollution. FDA refusals of food shipments from China suggest recurring problems with ¿filth,¿ unsafe additives, labeling, and vet. drug residues in fish and shellfish. Chinese authorities try to control food export safety by certifying exporters and the farms that supply them. However, monitoring such a wide range of products for the different hazards is a difficult challenge for Chinese and U.S. officials. Ill.

Improving Import Food Safety

Improving Import Food Safety
Author: Wayne Ellefson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2012-10-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1118464273
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Food safety has been a global concern for many years. While global sourcing of foods and ingredients provides great opportunity for variety and diversity of cultural products, there are significant risks. Programs that regulate food safety and quality in countries around the world vary in their scope and effectiveness, with many being underfunded. Rapidly developing countries may lack the expertise, laboratory resources for testing, and established inspection programs to adequately promote the safety of foods. Rather, these countries may be more focused on providing enough food for their citizens. Lack of documentation or traceability in the exporting country can further exacerbate the situation. Of course, safety problems in food imported from more developed countries also occur, and the source of food borne disease outbreaks are found regularly within the United States. Improving Import Food Safety gathers together vital information on the food safety programs of national governments, the food industry, and the testing industry. Chapters have been contributed by authors from the United States, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. Readers will learn about a variety of regulatory approaches to food safety at the federal and state levels in the United States, as well as in selected countries and within the food industry itself. They will also gain insights into the nature and source of safety problems, in addition to approaches to food safety around the world. The book is divided into three sections: Highlighting Key Issues: authors illustrate the millions of permutations for the origin of ingredients, discussing the difficulty if policing imports, providing a unique perspective on the economic situation in China and insight into development of support for small farm producers in Mexico. Legal and Regulatory Issues/Structures in the USA and Abroad: describes the legal and regulatory system in the European Union, the United States, and China, plus a chapter addressing global approaches to fraud. Potential Strategies to Improve Import Safety: presents strategies to deal with what are ultimately global issues, but on multiple levels. Perspectives are provided by authors from Industry, and industry trade association, academia, and a recently semi-retired, global ambassador or food safety. Readers will find this book noteworthy because of the diverse topics and perspectives offered on the challenges of keeping food safe in a global economy. Authors come from a variety of backgrounds, and each has provided a unique perspective on this critical topic. The volume is aimed at importers and exporters of food and ingredients; food microbiologists, food safety and QC/QA personnel; regulatory and legal personnel in food manufacturing companies; food policy makers and regulatory officials and facility and graduate students in food science.

Food Safety in China

Food Safety in China
Author: Linhai Wu
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 388
Release: 2014-07-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 148221833X
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China is the world’s top agricultural producer according to a World Trade Organization 2010 report, but a growing number of alarming safety issues has put the world’s top manufacturer of food on the defensive. Food Safety in China: A Comprehensive Review chronicles China’s current food safety problems from a professional perspective. This text describes key concepts, incorporates a research thread, considers various methods, provides context, and presents main conclusions. Containing investigative research and presenting an authoritative analysis of the subject, this text considers the complex issues that span the entire food supply chain system. It provides an overview of the current food safety situation, as well as its development and changes. It also details the structure of the food safety support system, and addresses growing concerns. Explores Involvement in Stages The book considers the interrelationship between the government, producers and traders, and consumers. It studies technical and management issues, and explains how that impacts businesses, the government regulatory system, and the end user. Factoring in the risks that can be caused by both natural and human influences, including the abuse of food additives, this book reviews the efforts put forth by China to prevent food safety issues. It examines the changing track of food safety (including imported and exported products) in key aspects such as production, circulation, and consumption from 2006 to 2011 based on empirical investigation and comprehensive use of various statistical data, and examines most specifically China's food safety situation in 2011. This book addresses: Food production and processing Food transportation Food consumption Environment and consumer awareness of food safety Efforts and technical means of the government in food regulation Social responsibility of food producers and traders, and moral traits and professional qualities of employees Rationality, effectiveness, and operability of the technical specifications in production, processing, circulation, and consumption Food Safety in China: A Comprehensive Review provides an assessment of the actual state and future trends of the food safety risk in China. This text is an ideal resource for food product developers, regulators and government researchers, regulatory agencies, policy makers, and policy analysts as well as universities, colleges, researchers, students, investors, importers, exporters, and manufacturers of food.

Risk and Food Safety in China and Japan

Risk and Food Safety in China and Japan
Author: Louis Augustin-Jean
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2018-10-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1351714481
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Around the world, food has probably never been as safe as it is today. However, periodic crises have aroused consumer anxiety and contributed to a general lack of confidence in the agro-industrial system. The diverse nature of these crises increases governments’ and industry difficulties in predicting and tackling them. This book addresses the relations between risk and food theoretically and empirically through case studies from Japan and China. Part I of the book examines the interaction between theoretical aspects and decision-making. The book theorizes the links between food and risk and analyses the decision-making process in light of risks and governance. The relationship between food risks, governance systems and economic decisions is assessed to explore ideas such as the "pact of nutrition" and the theory of weak signals. Part II examines case studies from China and Japan in the aftermaths of recent crises such as the milk powder scandal in China and food safety following the Fukushima nuclear accident and tsunami in Japan. This book will be an important resource for scholars, academics and policy-makers in the fields of sociology, economics, food studies, Chinese studies and Japanese studies and theories of risks and safety.

The Scale Problem

The Scale Problem
Author: John Kojiro Yasuda
Publisher:
Total Pages: 150
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:
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Why do food safety problems in China continue to emerge at an alarming rate? Central and local government officials are highly incentivized to address food safety, but officials have struggled to develop multilevel governance solutions to address the crisis. Contrary to studies that suggest that poor governance outcomes in China are often due to bureaucratic fragmentation, this dissertation highlights the policy challenges that emerge as a result of a contentious process of integrating a fragmented system of governance. For policy issues that are trans-regional and govern a common market, such as food safety, actors understand policy coordination is essential because regulatory failures in one locality can quickly spread to others. However, despite the felt need for an integrated governance approach, regulators, producers, and civic organizations fiercely contest the means to ensure food safety, leading to regulatory incoherence. The dissertation asserts that the inability of actors to develop a system of integrated food safety governance is directly related to a scale problem. First, actors must overcome a structural scale problem in which millions of actors must coordinate regulatory activity in a multilevel, multi-scale context. In addition to spatial (patch to globe) and jurisdictional (village to intergovernmental) scales, governance must be coordinated on network (family to trans-society), knowledge (local knowledge to universal law), and temporal (short to long-term) scales, among others. Policies can be poorly coordinated which creates scale mismatches. For example, long-term national policies may conflict with local short-term initiatives (jurisdictional and temporal mismatch). Mismatches persist due to different actors' political commitments to particular food safety approaches, which leads to contentious scale politics regarding food safety. Second, actors must also address a policy scale problem. A national food safety system requires a large-scale, non-incremental policy solution. However, due to fierce scale politics, China has adopted small-scale, gradualist policies that have only exacerbated regulatory incoherence. The study draws from over 170 interviews with food producers and government regulators in nine counties. The dissertation studies community governance food safety solutions in the Community Supported Agriculture market; foreign-controlled farms in the export sector; co-regulatory initiatives through farmers' cooperatives and dragonhead enterprises; and state-led food safety initiatives in the domestic sector.

Food Safety Law in China

Food Safety Law in China
Author: Francis Snyder
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 620
Release: 2015-12-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9004306927
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This book is the first major study of the making of transnational food safety law in China. Francis Snyder shows how the 2008 melamine infant formula crisis led to China’s first food safety law and new food safety standards, substantial reforms in government policy and closer relations with international organisations. He also identifies current and future challenges and makes recommendations for dealing with them. Chinese food safety law today is influenced strongly by cross-border factors. While transnational regimes help to shape domestic decisions, many institutions deeply embedded in Chinese society have played key roles in this transformation. Francis Snyder emphasises that, in finding its own path toward ensuring food safety, China can both learn from and teach other countries. In May 2017 this title has been awarded a 'Gourmand World Cookbook Award' in Yantai, Shandong Province, China: 'Best in the World' in two categories: 'Best Wine Law Book' and 'Food Safety Institutions'.

Food Safety Management in China

Food Safety Management in China
Author: Jiehong Zhou
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2013
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9789814447751
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Ch. 1. Overview of food safety management in China. 1.1. Changes in the focus of food safety in China. 1.2. China's food safety: understanding based on the perspective of non-traditional security. 1.3. China's food safety supervision: progress and achievements. 1.4. China's food safety supervision: problem analysis. 1.5. Conclusions -- ch. 2. Safety of vegetables and the use of pesticides by farmers in China. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Method. 2.3. Results and discussions. 2.4. Conclusions and implications -- ch. 3. Adoption of food safety and quality standards by China's agricultural cooperatives. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Methodology. 3.3. Data source and variable description. 3.4. Results and discussions. 3.5. Policy implications and conclusions -- ch. 4. Implementation of food safety and quality standards: a case study of the vegetable processing industry in Zhejiang, China. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Food safety and quality system in China. 4.3. Theoretical framework. 4.4. The survey and the data. 4.5. Empirical analysis. 4.6. Conclusions and policy recommendations -- ch. 5. Adoption of HACCP system in the Chinese food industry: a comparative analysis. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Method. 5.3. Results and discussions. 5.4. Conclusions and implications -- ch. 6. An empirical analysis of the implementation of vegetable quality and safety traceability systems centering on wholesale markets. 6.1. Thye status quo and the reasons for the implementation of a traceability system in China's agricultural products wholesale markets. 6.2. Analysis of factors that influence suppliers of vegetables wholesale markets implementing a traceability system. 6.3. Results and discussions. 6.4. Policy recommendations -- ch. 7. Investment in voluntary traceability: analysis of Chinese hog slaughterhouses and processors. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Related literature. 7.3. Materials and methods. 7.4. Results and discussions. 7.5. Conclusions -- ch. 8. Quality perception, safer behavior management and control of aquaculture: experience of exporting enterprises of Zhejiang Province, China. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Aquatic products export restrictions: the situation from Zhejiang Province. 8.3. Related references. 8.4. Materials and methods. 8.5. Descriptive analysis. 8.6. Conclusions and recommendations -- ch. 9. Outlook for China's food safety situation and policy recommendations. 9.1. Outlook for China's food safety situation. 9.2. Policy recommendations

Outsource Power, Import Safety? Challenges and Opportunities of the US-China Food Safety Regulatory Cooperation

Outsource Power, Import Safety? Challenges and Opportunities of the US-China Food Safety Regulatory Cooperation
Author: Ching-Fu Lin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 35
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:
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The United States has a high stake in China's serious food safety problem, as food products of Chinese origin have dominated the US food market in numerous areas and continued to grow. The conclusion of the US-China Food Safety Agreement has allowed the FDA to strengthen regulatory cooperation with its Chinese counterpart in various aspects. The Agreement also paves the way for the implementation of the new regulatory tools incorporated in FSMA, especially in the cross-border context. However, both the Agreement and FSMA have certain crucial limitations that may create future hurdles to effective implementation in the US China cooperation. This paper therefore endeavors to first examine China's governance challenges over food safety, with a focus on the 2009 Food Safety Law, the 2015 Amendment, and the fundamental problem of “thin” rule of law. This paper moves to analyze the US-China Food Safety Agreement, reviewing the agreement's strengths and weaknesses. It further assesses FSMA's innovative institutional design to regulate imported food products and its limitations. However, both the US-China Food Safety Agreement and FSMA arguably create a regulatory dilemma for the FDA when addressing imported food safety, due to structural mismatch between the broad scope of power granted to the FDA and the long chain of power outsourcing to governments or private companies as primary “regulators.” Neither the Agreement nor FSMA give the FDA adequate capacity to closely oversee such “agents” along the chain of power outsourcing. Framing the US-China food safety cooperation as a multilayer structure that “outsources power” in order to “import safety,” this paper concludes by stressing the need for a robust accountability and effective mechanism for US-China food safety cooperation.