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An Analysis of Value Creation in Private Equity Portfolios

An Analysis of Value Creation in Private Equity Portfolios
Author: Ray Wako Chipendo
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

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Academic literature on the analysis of value creation in private equity industry is still in its infancy. The approach to value attribution is still a contended subject by both academic and professional writers. The purpose of this research was to determine how South African Private Equity industry generates value in portfolio companies. This was achieved by gathering 24 transactions from institutional investors and private equity firms and disaggregating their returns into value drivers. Identified value drivers were financial leverage, revenue growth, EBITDA multiples and EBITDA margin. Contrary to the common belief that the private equity model is more dependent on cutting costs and less on growing businesses, the findings of the study revealed that revenue growth was the biggest relative driver of value while operational efficiency, the least. Results regarding the importance of financial leverage in value creation in the last 10 years could not confirm the popular argument which states that as the private equity model matures the industry is moving towards other value levers. While descriptive statistics confirmed that the level of gearing and size of companies influence the relative importance of EBITDA margin and revenue growth, results from statistical tests were in several cases inconclusive. ©2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Chipendo, RW 2011, An analysis of value creation in Private Equity portfolios, MBA dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd F12/4/206/gm.


Private Equity 4.0

Private Equity 4.0
Author: Benoît Leleux
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 291
Release: 2015-03-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1118939735

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“Private equity is more economically significant than ever, as institutions hunt for high returns in a risky world. Private Equity 4.0 examines the role, workings and contribution of this important industry in a straightforward yet revealing manner.” Dr. Josh Lerner Jacob H. Schiff Professor of Investment Banking Chair, Entrepreneurial Management Unit Harvard Business School A multi-perspective look at private equity's inner workings Private Equity 4.0 provides an insider perspective on the private equity industry, and analyzes the fundamental evolution of the private equity asset class over the past 30 years, from alternative to mainstream. The book provides insightful interviews of key industry figures, and case studies of some of the success stories in the industry. It also answers key questions related to strategy, fund manager selection, incentive mechanisms, performance comparison, red flags in prospectuses, and more. Private Equity 4.0 offers guidance for the many stakeholders that could benefit from a more complete understanding of this special area of finance. Understand the industry's dominant business models Discover how value is created and performance measured Perform a deep dive into the ecosystem of professionals that make the industry hum, including the different incentive systems that support the industry's players Elaborate a clear set of guidelines to invest in the industry and deliver better performance Written by a team of authors that combine academic and industry expertise to produce a well-rounded perspective, this book details the inner workings of private equity and gives readers the background they need to feel confident about committing to this asset class. Coverage includes a historical perspective on the business models of the three major waves of private equity leading to today's 4.0 model, a detailed analysis of the industry today, as well as reflections on the future of private equity and prospective futures. It also provides readers with the analytical and financial tools to analyze a fund's performance, with clear explanations of the mechanisms, organizations, and individuals that make the system work. The authors demystify private equity by providing a balanced, but critical, review of its contributions and shortcomings and moving beyond the simplistic journalistic descriptions. Its ecosystem is complex and not recognizing that complexity leads to inappropriate judgments. Because of its assumed opacity and some historical deviant (and generally transient) practices, it has often been accused of evil intents, making it an ideal scapegoat in times of economic crisis, prodding leading politicians and regulators to intervene and demand changes in practices. Unfortunately, such actors were often responding to public calls for action rather than a thorough understanding of the factors at play in this complex interdependent system, doing often more harm than good in the process and depriving economies of one of their most dynamic and creative forces. Self-regulation has clearly shown its limits, but righteous political interventions even more so. Private equity investment can be a valuable addition to many portfolios, but investors need a clear understanding of the forces at work before committing to this asset class. With detailed explanations and expert insights, Private Equity 4.0 is a comprehensive guide to the industry ways and means that enables the reader to capture its richness and sustainability.


Private Equity Value Creation Analysis: Volume I: Theory

Private Equity Value Creation Analysis: Volume I: Theory
Author: Michael David Reinard
Publisher: AUXILIA Press
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2021-03-05
Genre:
ISBN: 9781736077825

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Private Equity Value Creation Analysis is a comprehensive handbook for the analysis of private companies and portfolios. Its framework quantifies how leverage, valuation, company P&Ls, market and industry trends, and other factors drive equity returns. Such analyses are used by private equity and venture capital fund managers to explain their approaches to buying and selling companies and by institutional investors to validate them.Specifically designed for the particularities of private equity ownership, the book's value creation models are mathematically rigorous and based on metrics that are practical and accessible (i.e., those generally found in fund manager reporting and marketing materials). Formulas are built to function over the widest range of company, industry, and market conditions and provide intuitive and non-volatile results.Volume I: Theory describes more than two dozen value creation components, with over 200 formulas and 60 step-by-step examples intended to help analysts build and error-check their own value creation models. Demonstrations are supported by more than 80 data tables and 35 figures and graphs. This volume describes:- Value creation driven by changes in EBITDA, revenue, and margins- Market and company-specific multiple expansion- Five ways to measure the impact of leverage- Shareholder-specific value creation components- Value creation alternatives to Public Market Equivalence- Adjustments for add-on acquisitions, dividend recapitalizations, and other holding period events- Models for measuring private company and portfolio Net Returns, including Net IRRs, without time series data or complicated cash flow modelsPrivate Equity Value Creation Analysis is essential reading for fund managers seeking to tell more credible, data-driven stories about their private company investments and institutional investors seeking to validate whether those narratives are supported by the numbers.


Value Creation of Private Equity

Value Creation of Private Equity
Author: Kevin Elsäßer
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 82
Release: 2018-01-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3668608393

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Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,0, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, language: English, abstract: Private equity companies are seen as high risk investment funds, trying to gain high returns on their investments in a period of around three to seven years. Even if the private equity industry has played an important role in growth or as an external financing source of established companies as well as newly-established companies, private equity investors are not seen as sustainable value creators. In various occasions, private equity funds are even declared as a greedy instrument to earn fast money. In order to analyse whether private equity companies create value in a sustainable way, this study compares the performance of private equity backed initial public offerings (IPOs) with non-private equity backed IPOs. Moreover, it analyses whether private equity backed IPOs outperform the market. This study evaluates the performance of private equity backed IPOs by performing two separate empirical analyses: one focusing on the UK private equity market - the largest private equity market in Europe - and one focusing on the entire European market. The research conducts a quantitative analysis of secondary data, more specifically by using stock prices of private equity backed firms, non-private equity backed firms and applicable benchmark market indices. Such data was obtained from multiple sources, such as the London Stock Exchange, Bloomberg and Yahoo Finance. In general, the study compares the performance of private equity backed IPOs with non-sponsor IPOs with regard to their price development and abnormal returns. The analysis is based on multiple independent analyses of each IPO. In order to provide a general understanding of this issue and to be able to interpret the research results, the paper discusses the theoretical framework and the findings of other authors. In recent decades, several authors have demonstrated their research on private equity based IPOs as well as the value creation of private equity firms. Based upon these, hypotheses are formulated, which are then subsequently tested using multiple research methods. In general, the study indicates that the majority of private equity firms do not create sustainable value. More than 50% of the analyzed private equity backed companies were not able to outperform the market benchmark indices. On average, private equity backed firms were able to significantly outperform the market in the UK. However, they were unable to perform equally well on a European level.


Value-creation in Middle Market Private Equity

Value-creation in Middle Market Private Equity
Author: John A. Lanier
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2016-02-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317002733

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Value-creation in Middle Market Private Equity by John A. Lanier holistically examines the ecosystem relationships between middle market private equity firms and their portfolio companies. Small business is the job creating engine in the US economy, and consequently is a prime target market for private equity investment. Indeed, private equity backs over six of each 100 private sector jobs. Both the small businesses in which private equity firms invest, and the private equity firms making the investments, face inter- and intra-company fiduciary leadership challenges while implementing formulated strategy. The architecture of each private equity firm-portfolio company relationship must be uniquely crafted to capitalize on the projected return on investment that is memorialized in the investment thesis. Given the leveraged capital structure of portfolio companies, the cost of a misstep is problematic. Individual private equity professionals are typically members of multiple investment teams for the firm. Not only may each investment team have its own unique leadership style, but its diverse members have to assimilate styles for each team in which they participate relative to a specific portfolio company. Acquisitions and their subsequent integrations add exponential complexity for both private equity investment and portfolio company leadership teams; indeed, cultural integration ranks among the most chronic acquisition obstacles. Accordingly, the stakeholders of private equity transactions do well to embrace leadership best practices in applying value-creation toolbox best practices. The perspectives of both the private equity investment team and the portfolio company leadership team are within the scope of these chapters.


Value Creation in Leveraged Buyouts

Value Creation in Leveraged Buyouts
Author: Nicolaus Loos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 490
Release: 2007-11-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3835093290

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Based on a dataset of over 3,000 leveraged buyout transactions, including performance data, Nicolaus Loos analyses how financial investors create economic value through their investments. He shows that various exogenous factors with respect to timing, industry, public market as well as deal specific factors can statistically be related to a buyout deal's performance. He also provides evidence of a "GP effect" in leveraged buyouts, i.e. that certain characteristics of a Private Equity firm and its investment professionals as well as a firm's buyout strategy approach and certain buyout target characteristics are important success factors.


Value creation by private equity-backed IPOs. Underpricing and long-term performance in Germany

Value creation by private equity-backed IPOs. Underpricing and long-term performance in Germany
Author: Matthias Hetzenecker
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 76
Release: 2020-11-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3346299635

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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Review of Business Studies, grade: 1,0, University of applied Sciences Regensburg, language: English, abstract: This paper examines value creation by private equity-backed IPOs. It gives detailed insights on a mostly US-based research topic analyzing 134 German IPOs from 2002 to 2018, of which 49 were identified as PE-backed, and contributes empirical evidence on the discussion of private equity value creation. The empirical results provide detailed information on whether private equity financing can be a suitable financing source for companies by comparing and analyzing the performance differences between IPOs of companies with and without private equity sponsors. Furthermore, the paper provides empirical evidence on the IPO phenomena of underpricing and negative long-term performance for Germany, differentiating itself from former studies in terms of a broader time horizon and an extensive return calculation methodology. Since the locust swarms debate initiated by SPD politician Franz Müntefering, private equity investors have had to struggle with an extremely bad reputation in Germany. Unpopular measures such as company divestures or mass redundancies to achieve set turnover and return targets reinforce the negative image of financial investors. Accordingly, investor and business magnate Warren Buffet criticized that businesses under private equity control become a piece of merchandise. Nonetheless, the private equity industry continues to boom, reaching new records in terms of global business volume and transactions. Under these circumstances and new evolving discussions, it is essential to take a close look at the business model of private equity firms and to analyze potential short- and long-term value creation in their portfolio companies.


Value Creation Strategies of Private Equity Firms for Their Portfolio Companies During the Holding Period

Value Creation Strategies of Private Equity Firms for Their Portfolio Companies During the Holding Period
Author: Dimitri Manser
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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This thesis aims to contribute to the existing research on private equity in general and the value creation strategies of private equity firms within their portfolio companies, by analysing four different private equity companies with case studies. After summarizing background information regarding key definitions of private equity and giving a brief private equity market review, a detailed overview of existing levers regarding value creation is provided. The literature review leads to a comprehensive framework, which helps the reader to understand the interdependencies between the different levers and gives an overview on the value creation process. In addition, the framework concludes with vital aspects regarding the unique features of the private equity setup and its performance. Based on this theoretical foundation, the thesis analyses four different private equity companies in case studies. These case studies then result in a spider map, which visually summarizes the highlights and unique features of the private equity companies based on five key criteria. The key findings of this study confirm the assumed importance for private equity companies to widen their competency repertoire and pursue the full arsenal of value creation mechanisms to secure business success over the long term. Also, this study highlights the fact that there are different static organizational setups and dynamic applied methods of private equity firms to create value within their portfolio companies. However, each of the analysed private equity companies excel unique features in their approach to create value within their portfolio companies.


Managing Diversified Portfolios

Managing Diversified Portfolios
Author: Daniel O. Klier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 307
Release: 2009-05-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 379082173X

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There has been a long tradition of research on the relation between diversification and performance of public corporations in the strategy and finance fields. As for private equity portfolios, research on this matter is rather scarce. From a theoretical as well as from a practical perspective, however, it is interesting to know more about the relation between private equity portfolio diversification and performance, how private equity firms manage their portfolios, and what public companies can learn from private equity firms. These are the research questions which are addressed in Daniel Klier’s research. In order to answer these questions, the author uses a two-tier research design. As a first step, he compares the diversification-performance link of public corporations and private equity firms. With respect to the private equity sample and the ope- tionalization of the relevant variables, the study is highly innovative in terms of generating the PE sample from databases like Preqin and Dealogic, constructing a diversification measure from transaction data, and developing comparable perfo- ance measures for private equity firms as well as traditional multi-business firms. As the second step, which is exploratory in nature, the author explores m- agement models of PE firms. The sample of 20 US and Europe-based private equity firms is unique and of high quality, because the author succeeded in getting in-depth interviews with top decision makers of PE firms. The exploratory study extracts three clusters of management models that PE firms are using, and their relation to performance.


Private Equity in Germany

Private Equity in Germany
Author: Thorsten Gröne
Publisher: ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press
Total Pages: 174
Release: 2012-02-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3838256204

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This study evaluates the value generation potential of private equity for German mid-cap companies. A discussion of the private equity industry and the analysis of the value generation levers serve as a basis to further explore private equity value generation in the German market. First, the special features of German mid-cap companies are examined with a special focus on their financing needs. Second, the German private equity market is introduced and its differentiating features are revealed. The comparison of the findings assesses the general suitability of private equity as a financing option for German mid-cap companies and suggests that many mid-cap companies are not (yet) suited for private equity investments. Finally, the applicability of the identified value generation levers on the German mid-cap segment is analyzed with the help of a conceptual framework in order to evaluate the value generation potential. The results show that the traditional value generation levers are applicable but have to be adjusted with respect to national differences. Private equity associations have to specifically address the strong social considerations in the German business culture and the traditional unity of management, ownership, and supervision in the mid-cap segment in order to realize high rates of return. Anecdotal and recent empirical evidence indicates the relevance of many theoretical conclusions.