An Analysis Of The Impact Of Affirmative Action Programs On Self Employment In The Construction Industry PDF Download
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| Author | : David G. Blanchflower |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 37 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Construction industry |
| ISBN | : |
Download An Analysis of the Impact of Affirmative Action Programs on Self-employment in the Construction Industry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The main findings of this paper are that despite the existence of various affirmative action programs designed to improve the position of women and minorities in public construction, little has changed in the last twenty five years. We present evidence showing that where race conscious affirmative action programs exist they appear to generate significant improvements: when these programs are removed or replaced with race-neutral programs the utilization of minorities and women in public construction declines rapidly. We show that the programs have not helped minorities to become self-employed or to raise their earnings over the period 1979-2004, using data from the Current Population Survey and the Census, but have improved the position of white females. There has been a growth in incorporated self-employment rates of white women in construction such that currently their rate is significantly higher than that of white men. The data are suggestive of the possibility that some of these companies are 'fronts' which are actually run by their white male spouses or sons to take advantage of the affirmative action programs.
| Author | : Ashwini Deshpande |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 909 |
| Release | : 2023-07-17 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9811941661 |
Download Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This Handbook deals with theoretical and empirical evidence on the economics of discrimination and affirmative action across the world, assessed over a variety of social identities, such as caste, race, ethnicity, gender, disability, age, tribal status. It also outlines methodological advances in this area, with plenty of additional references for the interested reader. It combines theoretical frameworks developed in the West with historical writings about discrimination and social justice from primarily Indian philosophers, aspects which are typically not found under one roof. It offers the reader a combination of insights into theories across a range of disciplines, as well as evidence, data –both quantitative and qualitative, in addition to the latest methodological advances in the estimation of discrimination – econometric, experimental, mixed-methods.
| Author | : David G. Blanchflower |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 37 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Affirmative action programs |
| ISBN | : |
Download Minority Self-employment in the United States and the Impact of Affirmative Action Programs Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
n this paper I examine changes in self-employment that have occurred since the early 1980s in the United States. It is a companion paper to a recent equivalent paper that related to the UK. Data on random samples of approximately twenty million US workers are examined taken from the Basic Monthly files of the CPS (BMCPS), the 2000 Census and the 2006 American Community Survey (ACS). In contrast to the official definition of self-employment which simply counts the numbers of unincorporated self-employed, we also include the incorporated self-employed who are paid wages and salaries. The paper presents evidence on trends in self-employment for the US by race, ethnicity and gender. Evidence is also presented for construction which has self-employment rates roughly double the national rates and where there are strikingly high racial and gender disparities in self-employment rates. The construction sector is also important given the existence of public sector affirmative action programs at the federal, state and local levels directed at firms owned by women and minorities. I document the fact that disparities between the self-employment rates of white men and white women and minorities in construction narrowed in the 1980s, widened during the 1990s after the US Supreme Court's decision in Croson but then narrowed again since 2000 after a number of legal cases, which found such programs constitutional. Despite this substantial disparities remain, particularly in earnings. I also find evidence of discrimination in the small business credit market. Firms owned by minorities in general and blacks in particular are much more likely to have their loans denied and pay higher interest than is the case for white males. This is only partially explained by their lack of creditworthiness and is consistent with a finding of discrimination in the credit market by banks.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 194 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Affirmative action programs |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Impact of Affirmative Action on Public-sector Employment and Contracting in California Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A technical assistance program report.
| Author | : Simon C. Parker |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 919 |
| Release | : 2018-04-03 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1107170664 |
Download The Economics of Entrepreneurship Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This second edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field of entrepreneurship, principally from an economics perspective.
| Author | : Paul King |
| Publisher | : AuthorHouse |
| Total Pages | : 294 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1438995652 |
Download Reflections on Affirmative Action in Construction Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Reflections is a collection of my writings through the years in defense of and support for Affirmative Action in the construction industry. It documents a struggle for economic justice that began on July 23, 1969 when Chicago community groups assembled to demand equal participation in local federal construction projects. As these programs became successful, resistance rose at a rapid clip. Who would have thought that our quest for economic justice would eventually reach the Supreme Court as a battle against "reverse discrimination?" Who would have believed that the "affirmative action" programs that integrated an exclusive white workforce, and provided new opportunities for Black firms would be challenged so vigorously that the term would not even be used by the 2008 presidential candidates? We share our experiences for others seeking change by providing examples of how Black businesses can address community problems, including educating elected officials and holding them accountable. It was though my membership in Parren Mitchell's (Maryland's first Black congressman-1971), Black Business Braintrust, that the first national legislation requiring mandatory Minority Business Enterprise [MBE] utilization was forged. This book emphasizes four main areas of concern: Affirmative Action as a tool to break the pattern of exclusion by construction trade unions and apprenticeship programs. To demonstrate that local organizations with dedicated leaders can combat discrimination and create positive change that reverberates nationally. To expand the Black tradesmen workforce as a vehicle for increasing Black subcontractor numbers and developing substantial Black general contractors. The development of viable black construction firms: UBM, Inc., which I co-founded in 1974, was by 2004, the largest Black general contractor in the state of Illinois. My firm accomplished everything I sought to prove as a black business by creating the capacity to apply positive solutions to problems besieging our community.
| Author | : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 120 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Electronic government information |
| ISBN | : |
Download Minority Entrepreneurship Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Andrew Dainty |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2013-05-07 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1136905936 |
Download Human Resource Management in Construction Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The construction sector is one of the most complex and problematic arenas within which to manage people. As a result, the applicability of much mainstream human resource management (HRM) theory to this industry is limited. Indeed, the operational realities faced by construction organizations mean that all too often the needs of employees are subjugated by performance concerns. This has potentially dire consequences for those who work in the industry, for the firms that employ them and ultimately, for the prosperity and productivity of the industry as a whole. In this new edition of their leading text, Andrew Dainty and Martin Loosemore have assembled a collection of perspectives which critically examine key aspects of the HRM function in the context of contemporary construction organizations. Rather than simply update the previous edition, the aim of this second edition is to provide a more critical commentary on the ways in which the industry addresses the HRM function and how this affects those who work within the industry. To this end, the editors have gathered contributions from many of the leading thinkers within construction HRM to critique the perspectives presented in the first edition. Each contributor either tackles specific aspects of the HRM function, or provides a critical commentary on industry practice. The authors explain, using real-life case studies, the ways in which construction firms respond to the myriad pressures that they face through their HRM practices. Together the contributions encourage the reader to rethink the HRM function and its role in defining the employment relationship. This provides essential reading for students of construction and project management, and reflective practitioners who are interested in theoretically informed insights into industry practice and its implications.
| Author | : Robert W. Fairlie |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 253 |
| Release | : 2010-08-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0262260670 |
Download Race and Entrepreneurial Success Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A comprehensive analysis of racial disparities and the determinants of entrepreneurial performance—in particular, why Asian-owned businesses on average perform relatively well and why black-owned businesses typically do not. Thirteen million people in the United States—roughly one in ten workers—own a business. And yet rates of business ownership among African Americans are much lower and have been so throughout the twentieth century. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, businesses owned by African Americans tend to have lower sales, fewer employees and smaller payrolls, lower profits, and higher closure rates. In contrast, Asian American-owned businesses tend to be more successful. In Race and Entrepreneurial Success, minority entrepreneurship authorities Robert Fairlie and Alicia Robb examine racial disparities in business performance. Drawing on the rarely used, restricted-access Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) dataset compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau, Fairlie and Robb examine in particular why Asian-owned firms perform well in comparison to white-owned businesses and black-owned firms typically do not. They also explore the broader question of why some entrepreneurs are successful and others are not. After providing new comprehensive estimates of recent trends in minority business ownership and performance, the authors examine the importance of human capital, financial capital, and family business background in successful business ownership. They find that a high level of startup capital is the most important factor contributing to the success of Asian-owned businesses, and that the lack of startup money for black businesses (attributable to the fact that nearly half of all black families have less than $6,000 in total wealth) contributes to their relative lack of success. In addition, higher education levels among Asian business owners explain much of their success relative to both white- and African American-owned businesses. Finally, Fairlie and Robb find that black entrepreneurs have fewer opportunities than white entrepreneurs to acquire valuable pre-business work experience through working in family businesses.
| Author | : Francis J. Greene |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 392 |
| Release | : 2020-02-22 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1137589566 |
Download Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This beautifully written and thoroughly modern core textbook provides a strong bridge between entrepreneurship theory and practice and looks at the entire life cycle of a business, including the often neglected area of business closure. Underpinned by strong academic rigour, the text takes a critical approach, yet is also highly accessible and readable, explaining complex concepts clearly and succinctly. Research-led yet practice oriented, it examines the latest evidence-based thinking in the field and applies this to the practice of entrepreneurship through a plethora of practical examples, global cases, useful tools, and engaging, multi-faceted pedagogy. Written by a recognised expert on entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice is the ideal textbook for undergraduate, postgraduate, and MBA students taking modules on entrepreneurship that blend theory and practice. It requires no prior knowledge of entrepreneurship. Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/entrepreneurship-theory-and-practice. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.
