Alternative Approaches In Median Lethality Ld50 And Acute Toxicity Testing PDF Download
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Author | : Linval R. DePass |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 12 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Alternative Approaches in Median Lethality (LD50) and Acute Toxicity Testing Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The LD50 test was introduced by Trevan in 1927 (1) for biological standardization of dangerous drugs. Since then, the LD50 has gained wide acceptance as a measure of acute toxicity of all types of substances. Recently, however, the LD50 test has been criticized as an unnecessary waste of resources. Therefore, efforts have been made to reduce the number of animals used in such tests and to avoid using this test unless required by regulations. A review of the literature has shown that a relatively small number of animals per dose level (5) and a small number of dose levels (2 or 3) are usually sufficient to calculate an LD50 and slope using moving average methods. In addition, one sex should suffice because large sex differences are seldom encountered. When a formal LD50 is not required, one of several approximate methods may be used to estimate the lethal dose. Further approaches include in vitro cytotoxicity methods and computer-based structure-activity models. The in vitro methods are still in a nearly stage of development and will require extensive validation before they are accepted by the toxicology community. In conclusion, when LD50 tests are required, the most economical approach should be used, without undue concern for statistical precision.
Author | : Michael D. Kreger |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Toxicity testing |
ISBN | : |
Download The LD50 (median Lethal Dose) and LC50 (median Lethal Concentration) Toxicity Tests Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Karen J. Clingerman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : Alternative toxicity testing |
ISBN | : |
Download The LD50 (median Lethal Dose) and LC50 (median Lethal Concentration) Toxicity Tests, January 1980 - August 1990 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Alan M. Goldberg |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 312 |
Release | : 1984 |
Genre | : Alternative toxicity testing |
ISBN | : |
Download Acute Toxicity Testing Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Karen J. Clingerman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 36 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Government publications |
ISBN | : |
Download The LD50 (median Lethal Dose) Toxicity Test, 1980-1988 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 1986 |
Genre | : Animal experimentation |
ISBN | : |
Download Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : GOLDBERG A. |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1984 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download ACUTE TOXICITY TESTING: ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES. Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : Agriculture |
ISBN | : |
Download Special Reference Briefs Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : OECD |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 25 |
Release | : 2010-07-23 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264090894 |
Download Test No. 223: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to estimate the acute oral toxicity of substances to birds, and it provides three testing options: (1) limit dose test, (2) LD50-slope test, and (3) LD50-only test. The LD50-slope and LD50-only ...
Author | : Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Acute Toxicity Testing Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle