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AI Watch, Defining Artificial Intelligence 2.0

AI Watch, Defining Artificial Intelligence 2.0
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN: 9789276426486

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We present here the second edition of our research aimed at establishing an operational definition of artificial intelligence (AI), to which we refer to in the activities of AI Watch. This edition builds on the first report, published in February 2020, and complements it with several recent developments. Since then, the European Commission has proposed a regulatory framework on artificial intelligence (AI Act) that establishes a legal definition of AI, which we incorporate in the current review. In addition to this legal definition, an operational definition is still needed to better delineate the boundaries and analysis of the AI Watch AI landscape. The proposed AI Watch operational definition consists of an iterative method providing a concise taxonomy and list of keywords that characterise the core domains of the AI research field, complemented by transversal topics such as AI applications or ethical and philosophical considerations - in line with the wider monitoring objective of AI Watch. The AI taxonomy is designed to inform the AI Watch AI landscape analysis and is also expected to cover applications of AI in closely related technological domains, such as robotics (in a broader sense), neuroscience or internet of things. The literature considered for the qualitative analysis of existing definitions and taxonomies has been enlarged to include recently published reports from the three complementary perspectives considered in this work: policy, research and industry. Therefore, the collection of definitions published between 1955 and 2021 and the summary of the main features of the concept of AI appearing in the relevant literature is another valuable output of this work. Finally, alternative approaches to study AI are also briefly presented in this new edition of the report. These include the classification of AI according to: families of algorithms and the theoretical models behind them; cognitive abilities reproduced by AI; functions performed by AI. Applications of AI may be grouped also according to other dimensions, like the economic sector in which such applications are found, or their business functions. These approaches, complementary to the taxonomy used for the analysis of the AI Watch international landscape, are useful to gain a wider understanding of the AI domain, and suitable to be used in studies related to these dimensions.


AI Watch

AI Watch
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN: 9789276170457

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This report proposes an operational definition of artificial intelligence to be adopted in the context of AI Watch, the Commission knowledge service to monitor the development, uptake and impact of artificial intelligence for Europe. The definition, which will be used as a basis for the AI Watch monitoring activity, is established by means of a flexible scientific methodology that allows regular revision. The operational definition is constituted by a concise taxonomy and a list of keywords that characterise the core domains of the AI research field, and transversal topics such as applications of the former or ethical and philosophical considerations, in line with the wider monitoring objective of AI Watch. The AI taxonomy is designed to inform the AI landscape analysis and will expectedly detect AI applications in neighbour technological domains such as robotics (in a broader sense), neuroscience or internet of things. The starting point to develop the operational definition is the definition of AI adopted by the High Level Expert Group on artificial intelligence. To derive this operational definition we have followed a mixed methodology. On one hand, we apply natural language processing methods to a large set of AI literature. On the other hand, we carry out a qualitative analysis on 55 key documents including artificial intelligence definitions from three complementary perspectives: policy, research and industry. A valuable contribution of this work is the collection of definitions developed between 1955 and 2019, and the summarisation of the main features of the concept of artificial intelligence as reflected in the relevant literature.


Research Handbook on Artificial Intelligence and Communication

Research Handbook on Artificial Intelligence and Communication
Author: Seungahn Nah
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 453
Release: 2023-11-03
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1803920300

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This forward-looking Research Handbook makes an insightful contribution to the emerging field of studies on communication of, by and with AI. Bringing together state-of-the-art research from over 50 leading international scholars across various fields, it provides a comprehensive overview of the complex intersections between AI and communication.


Artificial Intelligence, Computational Modelling and Criminal Proceedings

Artificial Intelligence, Computational Modelling and Criminal Proceedings
Author: Serena Quattrocolo
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2020-08-27
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3030524701

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This book discusses issues relating to the application of AI and computational modelling in criminal proceedings from a European perspective. Part one provides a definition of the topics. Rather than focusing on policing or prevention of crime – largely tackled by recent literature – it explores ways in which AI can affect the investigation and adjudication of crime. There are two main areas of application: the first is evidence gathering, which is addressed in Part two. This section examines how traditional evidentiary law is affected by both new ways of investigation – based on automated processes (often using machine learning) – and new kinds of evidence, automatically generated by AI instruments. Drawing on the comprehensive case law of the European Court of Human Rights, it also presents reflections on the reliability and, ultimately, the admissibility of such evidence. Part three investigates the second application area: judicial decision-making, providing an unbiased review of the meaning, benefits, and possible long-term effects of ‘predictive justice’ in the criminal field. It highlights the prediction of both violent behaviour, or recidivism, and future court decisions, based on precedents. Touching on the foundations of common law and civil law traditions, the book offers insights into the usefulness of ‘prediction’ in criminal proceedings.


Handbook of Research on Teaching With Virtual Environments and AI

Handbook of Research on Teaching With Virtual Environments and AI
Author: Panconesi, Gianni
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 811
Release: 2021-02-19
Genre: Education
ISBN: 179987639X

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The increasingly pervasive use of digital technology has catapulted society into an interconnected world where the natural boundaries between humankind and machine, virtual and real, individual and community have become less perceptible. As individuals interact with different digital technologies, they must build a digital intelligence, which must be further cultivated as it is a key competency for the future of school and work. Digital intelligence includes understanding the mutual strengths between people and technology, as well as developing an awareness in the use of digital tools in order to avoid common threats such as cyberbullying, addiction to video games, techno-stress, and more. As adolescents continue to engage with virtual reality and 3D virtual worlds where the online and offline overlap and coincide, it is important to build this intelligence as well as utilize these technologies to promote successful learning. The Handbook of Research on Teaching With Virtual Environments and AI explores the new personalized educational opportunities that are available with digital technology and virtual environments that can be used within education. This book focuses on the use of these tools and how to navigate the use of new technologies such as AI and virtual environments for educational practices. While highlighting topics such as virtual worlds, game-based learning, intelligent tutoring, augmented reality, and more, this book is ideal for teachers, administrators, technologists, educational software developers, IT specialists, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in how virtual environments and AI are being implemented in teaching practices.


Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Women’s Health Issues

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Women’s Health Issues
Author: Meenu Gupta
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2024-05-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0443218900

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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Women’s Health Issues: Challenges, Impact, and Solutions discusses the applications, challenges, and solutions that machine learning can bring to women’s health challenges. This book illustrates advanced, innovative techniques, frameworks, concepts, and methodologies of machine learning, which enhance the future healthcare system. This book's primary focus is on women’s health issues and machine learning's role in providing solutions to these challenges, providing novel ideas for feasible implementation. It also provides an early-stage analysis for early diagnosis of women’s health issues. Provides fundamental concepts and analysis of machine learning algorithms used to aid in the diagnosis of women’s health issues Guides researchers to specific ideas, tools, and practices most applicable to product/service development, innovation problems, and opportunities Provides hands-on chapters that describe frameworks, applications, best practices, and case studies of future directions of applied machine learning in women’s healthcare


Artificial Intelligence For Dummies

Artificial Intelligence For Dummies
Author: John Paul Mueller
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2021-10-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1119796784

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Forget far-away dreams of the future. Artificial intelligence is here now! Every time you use a smart device or some sort of slick technology—be it a smartwatch, smart speaker, security alarm, or even customer service chat box—you’re engaging with artificial intelligence (AI). If you’re curious about how AI is developed—or question whether AI is real—Artificial Intelligence For Dummies holds the answers you’re looking for. Starting with a basic definition of AI and explanations of data use, algorithms, special hardware, and more, this reference simplifies this complex topic for anyone who wants to understand what operates the devices we can’t live without. This book will help you: Separate the reality of artificial intelligence from the hype Know what artificial intelligence can accomplish and what its limits are Understand how AI speeds up data gathering and analysis to help you make informed decisions more quickly See how AI is being used in hardware applications like drones, robots, and vehicles Know where AI could be used in space, medicine, and communication fields sooner than you think Almost 80 percent of the devices you interact with every day depend on some sort of AI. And although you don’t need to understand AI to operate your smart speaker or interact with a bot, you’ll feel a little smarter—dare we say more intelligent—when you know what’s going on behind the scenes. So don’t wait. Pick up this popular guide to unlock the secrets of AI today!


Structural Health Monitoring Based on Data Science Techniques

Structural Health Monitoring Based on Data Science Techniques
Author: Alexandre Cury
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 490
Release: 2021-10-23
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030817164

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The modern structural health monitoring (SHM) paradigm of transforming in situ, real-time data acquisition into actionable decisions regarding structural performance, health state, maintenance, or life cycle assessment has been accelerated by the rapid growth of “big data” availability and advanced data science. Such data availability coupled with a wide variety of machine learning and data analytics techniques have led to rapid advancement of how SHM is executed, enabling increased transformation from research to practice. This book intends to present a representative collection of such data science advancements used for SHM applications, providing an important contribution for civil engineers, researchers, and practitioners around the world.


What AI Can Do

What AI Can Do
Author: Manuel Cebral-Loureda
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 410
Release: 2023-08-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1000909034

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The philosopher Spinoza once asserted that no one knows what a body can do, conceiving an intrinsic bodily power with unknown limits. Similarly, we can ask ourselves about Artificial Intelligence (AI): To what extent is the development of intelligence limited by its technical and material substrate? In other words, what can AI do? The answer is analogous to Spinoza’s: Nobody knows the limit of AI. Critically considering this issue from philosophical, interdisciplinary, and engineering perspectives, respectively, this book assesses the scope and pertinence of AI technology and explores how it could bring about both a better and more unpredictable future. What AI Can Do highlights, at both the theoretical and practical levels, the cross-cutting relevance that AI is having on society, appealing to students of engineering, computer science, and philosophy, as well as all who hold a practical interest in the technology.