Age Differences In Familiarity And Recollection PDF Download
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Author | : Daniela Czernochowski |
Publisher | : Universal-Publishers |
Total Pages | : 205 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Self-Help |
ISBN | : 1581122918 |
Download Age Differences in Familiarity and Recollection Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Is there a qualitative difference between memory functions in adults and children? Given the relevance of memory processes for virtually every aspect of everyday life and the complex interactions between memory development and general cognitive abilities, surprisingly little is known about memory abilities in childhood. In four experiments with children aged 6-12 years and young adults, the developmental trajectories of two separate mechanisms underlying recognition memory - familiarity and recollection - were examined using event-related potentials (ERPs). Developmental changes were evident in both mechanisms of recognition memory. The data also revealed some surprising similarities across the life-span and emphasize the importance of strategic modulation of memory retrieval. Furthermore, the present investigation of memory development highlights age-related changes in cognitive processes and the maturation of the brain structures underlying these developmental changes.
Author | : Kaylin M. Greene |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 90 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Recollection (Psychology) |
ISBN | : |
Download Recollection and Familiarity Differences in Younger and Older Adults Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Patricia Marshall |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Content-specific Age-related Effects on Recollection and Familiarity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Andrew John Kelly |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Distinction (Philosophy) |
ISBN | : |
Download The Influence of Recollection and Familiarity on Age-related Differences in Primary and Secondary Distinctiveness Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The distinctiveness effect refers to the empirical finding of superior memory for items that stand out from the environment relative to common stimuli. Two variants of distinctiveness paradigms (isolation effect and orthographic distinctiveness) were examined under intentional learning instructions. The isolation effect was also examined using incidental learning instructions. Both groups exhibited distinctiveness effects; further, these effects were accompanied by increases in recollection and familiarity with intentional learning only. This finding is surprising as older adults normatively show declines in recollection with advancing age. Under incidental instructions, none of the groups demonstrated distinctiveness effects, and estimates of recollection and familiarity were identical for distinct and non-distinct items. There was no evidence for heightened objective source memory for distinct items, across the three experiments. These results contribute to a growing literature that older adults can benefit from the presence of distinct information; however, not with incidental learning instructions. Furthermore, the current experiments suggest that in distinctiveness paradigms, older adults are able to display estimates of recollection that are commensurate with young adults. This outcome may arise because distinctiveness paradigms support relational processing, which in turn can improve item-specific processing and boost recollection judgments.
Author | : Tracy Hsiang-Yi Wang |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 332 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Age |
ISBN | : |
Download Investigations of Age-related Effects on the Neural Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The present research investigated age-related differences in the neural correlates of two putative processes (recollection and familiarity) supporting recognition memory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) were utilized in concert with retrieval tasks that allow trials associated with recollection to be segregated from trials associated with familiarity. Some studies investigating age-related effects on the neural correlates of successful retrieval have reported that the neural correlates of retrieval are larger and more widespread in older subjects than in the young ('cortical over-recruitment'). These studies, however, vary widely in their methodologies, analyses, and even characterization of memory retrieval. The aim of the research described here is to elucidate the effects of age on the neural correlates of recognition memory. The second chapter of this dissertation describes an experiment that characterizes the neural correlates of episodic memory in subjects typically considered 'older' (between the ages of 63-77) and 'younger' (between the ages of 18-30) as indexed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The third chapter describes an analogous Event-related potential (ERP) study that investigated the electrophysiological correlates of recollection and familiarity in the same age groups as the study described in the second chapter. Finally, the fourth chapter describes the final experiment that investigated cortical reinstatement of material-specific recollection related effects in young and older subjects. This final study utilized univariate analysis to identify cortical reinstatement of material specific recollection-related activity, while using multivariate pattern analysis to quantify the amount of reinstatement in each age group. Overall, the findings provide evidence that there is no significant neural reorganization for the retrieval of episodic memory in the face of advancing age. Rather, the presented research suggests that under circumstances where encoding and retrieval are well controlled, the neural correlates of episodic retrieval remain largely invariant as a function of age.
Author | : Ayanna K. Thomas |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 1019 |
Release | : 2020-05-28 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 1108690742 |
Download The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Author | : Lin Luo |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 350 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780494578933 |
Download Age Differences in Recollection Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Six experiments were conducted to examine the factors modulating the size of age differences in recollection. The research presented in the current thesis was guided by the notions of self-initiated processing and environmental support. Older and younger adults' performance in recollection was measured by Jacoby's (1990) process dissociation procedure (PDP); the age differences as a function of self-initiated processing demands of the task and the amount of support provided to the participants were assessed by manipulating the encoding (Experiments 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3) and retrieval (Experiments 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) contexts.Experiments 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 investigated age-related changes in retrieval processes and their interactions with retrieval contexts. In each of the three experiments, some of the test lists were constructed so that participants had to recollect specific aspects of the encoding event to differentiate between the to-be-included and to-be-excluded items, whereas other test lists were constructed so that they only had to recollect general aspects. Older adults showed reduced levels of recollection than younger adults for the high-specificity test lists only (Experiment 3.1). Encoding manipulations improved (Experiment 3.2) or reduced (Experiment 3.3) recollection performance but the effects did not interact with test, whereas DA at retrieval (Experiment 3.3) in younger adults partly mimicked aging.In summary, the six experiments showed that older adults have greater difficulties in spontaneously carrying out distinctive and integrative processes at encoding, and in accessing specific information at retrieval compared to their younger counterparts. These age-related changes further interact with the processing demanded or afforded by the encoding and retrieval conditions.Experiments 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 examined interactions of aging and encoding contexts. Recollection under baseline conditions (i.e. visually presented words) was contrasted with recollection of items encoded under contexts that are assumed to enhance memory. The results showed differential age-related patterns of benefits from encoding conditions: Presenting pictures with words benefited older adults more than younger adults; word generation benefited both groups equally; and presenting sound effects with visual words benefited younger more than older adults.
Author | : Angela Kilb |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 122 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
ISBN | : |
Download Assessing the Role of Pair Familiarity in the Associative Deficit of Older Adults Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
While aging causes relatively minor impairment in recognition memory for components, older adults' ability to remember associations between components is typically significantly compromised, relative to that of younger adults (see Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). Moreover, using dual process models of memory, Jennings & Jacoby (1997) have demonstrated that age differences are much larger for measures of recollection than for familiarity. Because older adults have intact use of familiarity, one possibility is that they rely too heavily on their familiarity of the components when making judgments about associations, causing them to mistakenly recognize novel pairings of familiar items. The purpose of the current study is to explore possible methods that allow older adults to capitalize on their intact familiarity in order to accurately remember pairings of information. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated this by unitizing two components of a pair such that the color information enables certain pairings to appear as one unit. In Experiments 3 and 4, participants were repeatedly presented with pairings prior to a study list so that the pairs were already familiar during the study phase. Remember/know judgments were collected in order to determine if any advantages in associative tests were related to reliance on familiarity or recollection. Evidence shows that both unitization and repetition increase associative memory in both younger and older adults. While recollection seems to mediate this effect in unitization, findings suggest that both familiarity and recollection are involved in enhancing associative memory via repetition.
Author | : Bennett L. Schwartz |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 365 |
Release | : 2014-06-16 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 1107035228 |
Download Tip-of-the-Tongue States and Related Phenomena Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume seeks to assemble various works on the 'tip-of-the-tongue state' and related phenomena.
Author | : Leopold Bellak |
Publisher | : Thomas Allen Publishers |
Total Pages | : 372 |
Release | : 1976 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : |
Download Geriatric Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle