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A Three Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model

A Three Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model
Author: Mohammad Zia
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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Many products have different attributes which appeal to the different segments of the market. We investigate how firms should position their products in a multi-attribute product market where consumers are heterogeneous in (1) the product attributes that they care about, and (2) their willingness to pay for product quality. We develop a duopoly model where each firm offers a product which has three attributes. There are two customer segments in the market; each segment values only two attributes of the product but not the third one. We assume that customers are heterogeneous in their willingness to pay for the quality of product attributes. In a two-stage model, where firms first simultaneously set the level of product attributes and then price the product, we find four types of positioning equilibrium, all of which are of Min-Max kind. If the range of common attribute (the attribute that both customer segments appreciate) is high enough, firm only differentiate in this attribute and agglomerate on unique attributes (the attributes that only one segment appreciate). If the range of common attribute is low enough, firms differentiate only on unique attributes. The differentiation is never enough on only one of the unique attributes, and is never necessary on all three attributes. Our results have managerial implication for segmentation, targeting and positioning in a competitive market.


EPA-600/3

EPA-600/3
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 658
Release: 1978
Genre: Ecology
ISBN:

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A Model of Vertical Differentiation for Online Retailing

A Model of Vertical Differentiation for Online Retailing
Author: Sulin Ba
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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The Internet has changed the nature of doing business as well as the nature of competition in many industries. The number of online transactions has seen a steady increase as more consumers turn to online retailing (e-tailing) for a wide range of product choices and shopping convenience. Yet, despite the availability of online comparison shopping sites and the ease of finding alternative e-tailers for a given product, the persistent and substantial price dispersion has not been fully understood. In this paper, we view the online purchase of a product as a bundle of utilities consisting of the satisfaction with the product itself, the service received from the purchase experience, as well as the assurance and trust associated with the e-tailer's brand recognition. E-tailers, accordingly, can differentiate themselves in the service, brand recognition, and price dimensions. We extend the two dimensional competitive model to three dimensions in which e-tailers sequentially decide on a recognition level, then a service quality, and finally compete on price. We solve the model analytically and obtain closed-form equilibrium solutions. By explicitly incorporating differentiation costs, we show the existence of previously unknown equilibria, among which an asymmetric Max-Max equilibrium that is frequently observed in practice. In addition, the e-tailer's optimal competitive strategy is determined by the structure of the differentiation costs.


Ecological Research Series

Ecological Research Series
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 452
Release: 1978
Genre: Ecological risk assessment
ISBN:

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The Economics of New Goods

The Economics of New Goods
Author: Timothy F. Bresnahan
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 508
Release: 2008-04-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0226074188

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New goods are at the heart of economic progress. The eleven essays in this volume include historical treatments of new goods and their diffusion; practical exercises in measurement addressed to recent and ongoing innovations; and real-world methods of devising quantitative adjustments for quality change. The lead article in Part I contains a striking analysis of the history of light over two millenia. Other essays in Part I develop new price indexes for automobiles back to 1906; trace the role of the air conditioner in the development of the American south; and treat the germ theory of disease as an economic innovation. In Part II essays measure the economic impact of more recent innovations, including anti-ulcer drugs, new breakfast cereals, and computers. Part III explores methods and defects in the treatment of quality change in the official price data of the United States, Canada, and Japan. This pathbreaking volume will interest anyone who studies economic growth, productivity, and the American standard of living.


Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Design

Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Design
Author: Vasilis F. Pavlidis
Publisher: Newnes
Total Pages: 770
Release: 2017-07-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0124104843

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Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Design, Second Eition, expands the original with more than twice as much new content, adding the latest developments in circuit models, temperature considerations, power management, memory issues, and heterogeneous integration. 3-D IC experts Pavlidis, Savidis, and Friedman cover the full product development cycle throughout the book, emphasizing not only physical design, but also algorithms and system-level considerations to increase speed while conserving energy. A handy, comprehensive reference or a practical design guide, this book provides effective solutions to specific challenging problems concerning the design of three-dimensional integrated circuits. Expanded with new chapters and updates throughout based on the latest research in 3-D integration: Manufacturing techniques for 3-D ICs with TSVs Electrical modeling and closed-form expressions of through silicon vias Substrate noise coupling in heterogeneous 3-D ICs Design of 3-D ICs with inductive links Synchronization in 3-D ICs Variation effects on 3-D ICs Correlation of WID variations for intra-tier buffers and wires Offers practical guidance on designing 3-D heterogeneous systems Provides power delivery of 3-D ICs Demonstrates the use of 3-D ICs within heterogeneous systems that include a variety of materials, devices, processors, GPU-CPU integration, and more Provides experimental case studies in power delivery, synchronization, and thermal characterization


Jupiter

Jupiter
Author: Fran Bagenal
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 736
Release: 2006
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780521035453

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Comprehensive volume that summarizes our understanding of the jovian system.