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A Textual Abstracting Technique

A Textual Abstracting Technique
Author: American Institutes for Research
Publisher:
Total Pages: 82
Release: 1962
Genre: Abstracting
ISBN:
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Guidelines for text reduction were developed and evaluated to advance the art of manually preparing informative abstracts. The study was intended to: (1) develop guidelines that result in abstracts which provide maximal support to abstract-users, and (2) develop these guidelines so that they result in reliable, i.e., consistent, abstracts of scientific/technical material. The abstracting procedure, and Abstracting Form and associated instructions, produces reasonably consistent abstracts. An expert judge rated 13 subsections of six technical papers prepared by three different abstracters as 88% consistent, i.e., contained identical information. The abstracts prepared were a substantial reduction of the original text. Considering the six abstracts used in a performance test (judged as containing the most information, but not necessarily the longest) mean percentage reductions obtained were: 47% reduction of words, 28% reduction of figures, and 27% reduction of equations. Level of performance, as measured by accuracy on use-tests, supported by abstracts was equivalent to that supported by original text, regardless of test time restriction. However, total test time required was less using abstracts than with full text. (Author).

Automatic Indexing and Abstracting of Document Texts

Automatic Indexing and Abstracting of Document Texts
Author: Marie-Francine Moens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2005-12-27
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0306470179
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Automatic Indexing and Abstracting of Document Texts summarizes the latest techniques of automatic indexing and abstracting, and the results of their application. It also places the techniques in the context of the study of text, manual indexing and abstracting, and the use of the indexing descriptions and abstracts in systems that select documents or information from large collections. Important sections of the book consider the development of new techniques for indexing and abstracting. The techniques involve the following: using text grammars, learning of the themes of the texts including the identification of representative sentences or paragraphs by means of adequate cluster algorithms, and learning of classification patterns of texts. In addition, the book is an attempt to illuminate new avenues for future research. Automatic Indexing and Abstracting of Document Texts is an excellent reference for researchers and professionals working in the field of content management and information retrieval.

Abstracting Scientific and Technical Literature

Abstracting Scientific and Technical Literature
Author: Robert Edward Maizell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 328
Release: 1979
Genre: Science
ISBN:
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This study instructs the beginning abstractor and information scientist on how to abstract the literature of science and technology. It should also be of value to scientists and to management personnel in universities, industry, business, and government who write, use or manage abstracts.

Abstracts and Abstracting

Abstracts and Abstracting
Author: Tibor Koltay
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2010-03-15
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 1780630328
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Despite their changing role, abstracts remain useful in the digital world. Highly beneficial to information professionals and researchers who work and publish in different fields, this book summarizes the most important and up-to-date theory of abstracting, as well as giving advice and examples for the practice of writing different kinds of abstracts. The book discusses the length, the functions and basic structure of abstracts, outlining a new approach to informative and indicative abstracts. The abstractors’ personality, their linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge and skills are also discussed with special attention. Despite the relatively large number of textbooks on the topic there is no up-to-date book on abstracting in the English language In addition to providing a comprehensive coverage of the topic, the proposed book contains novel views - especially on informative and indicative abstracts The discussion is based on an interdisciplinary approach, blending the methods of library and information science and linguistics

Abstracts Techniques and Textures

Abstracts Techniques and Textures
Author: Rolina van Vliet
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2013
Genre: Art
ISBN: 9781844489558
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A comprehensive handbook for amateurs, professionals, teachers and students alike to learn the inticacies of painting abtracts. It features 50 studies detailing dozens of techniques readers can use to practice achieving abstract and non-figurative painting.

A Textual Abstracting Technique. a Preliminary Development and Evaluation Support. a Supplemental Volume

A Textual Abstracting Technique. a Preliminary Development and Evaluation Support. a Supplemental Volume
Author: DAN. PAYNE
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1
Release: 1962
Genre:
ISBN:
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A series of catalysts were evaluated for effectiveness in initiating hydrazine decomposition near room temperature by means of differential thermal analysis. The most promising catalyst, Girdler T-323 with 50 percent pre-reduced cobalt on a kieselguhr support, was capable of initiating decomposition at 33 C and re-start at 53 C. Even with this catalyst, the ammonia produced can be expected to exhibit strong ADSORBTION PROPERTIES AND CONSTITUTE A CATALYST POISON FOR SUCCESSIVE RE-STARTS. A catalyst is needed to complete the decomposition of hydrazine to nitrogen and hydrogen. (Author).

Automatic Abstracting Evaluation Support

Automatic Abstracting Evaluation Support
Author: American Institutes for Research
Publisher:
Total Pages: 82
Release: 1964
Genre: Abstracting
ISBN:
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Techniques for producing two types of abstracts of technical literature were developed. One abstract was designed to be a general-purpose abstract which could be used to support a variety of text-mediated tasks. The second abstract was a modification of the first, and was designed to contain only that information necessary to the performance of a single given task. Four types of text-supported tasks were identified--screening, comprehension-retention, fact retrieval, and problem solving. Paper and pencil tests were prepared--the tests designed to serve as analogs of the four tasks. Performance accuracy and performance time on the tasks of subjects using the abstracts were compared to those of subjects using original text. For both college students and professional scientists, it was found that the abstracts effectively served in place of full text in supporting performance on all tasks except fact retrieval. Accuracy loss was slight, while time savings were substantial. The abstracts were more effectively used for screening and comprehension-retention than for problem solving. The task-specific abstracts were superior to the general-purpose abstracts in amount of time saved in performance of the screening and the comprehension-retention tasks. The implications of these results for future work were discussed. (Author).

Principles of Abstract Interpretation

Principles of Abstract Interpretation
Author: Patrick Cousot
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 833
Release: 2021-09-21
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262044900
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Introduction to abstract interpretation, with examples of applications to the semantics, specification, verification, and static analysis of computer programs. Formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, manipulation, and verification of safe, robust, and secure software and hardware systems. Abstract interpretation is a unifying theory of formal methods that proposes a general methodology for proving the correctness of computing systems, based on their semantics. The concepts of abstract interpretation underlie such software tools as compilers, type systems, and security protocol analyzers. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of abstract interpretation, offering examples of applications to semantics, specification, verification, and static analysis of programming languages with emphasis on calculational design. The book covers all necessary computer science and mathematical concepts--including most of the logic, order, linear, fixpoint, and discrete mathematics frequently used in computer science--in separate chapters before they are used in the text. Each chapter offers exercises and selected solutions. Chapter topics include syntax, parsing, trace semantics, properties and their abstraction, fixpoints and their abstractions, reachability semantics, abstract domain and abstract interpreter, specification and verification, effective fixpoint approximation, relational static analysis, and symbolic static analysis. The main applications covered include program semantics, program specification and verification, program dynamic and static analysis of numerical properties and of such symbolic properties as dataflow analysis, software model checking, pointer analysis, dependency, and typing (both for forward and backward analysis), and their combinations. Principles of Abstract Interpretation is suitable for classroom use at the graduate level and as a reference for researchers and practitioners.

Toward Improved Techniques for Abstracting and Extracting Scientific and Technical Literature

Toward Improved Techniques for Abstracting and Extracting Scientific and Technical Literature
Author: John A. Boldivici
Publisher:
Total Pages: 192
Release: 1967
Genre: Abstracting
ISBN:
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Part One of this report describes the activities leading to recommendations for revision and increased efficiency of application of the abstracting guidelines developed by Payne, Munger, and Altman (1962). Abstracts prepared on the basis of the revised guidelines may be expected to serve as effective substitutes for full, unabbreviated text in supporting performance of tasks such as rough screening and keeping generally aware of developments in a scientific field. Abstracts generated by application of the revised guidelines will not adequately support more sophisticated tasks (eg, problem solving, and highly specific screening or fact retrieval), whose performance depends upon precise correspondence between document parts and intended document use. Methods which have relevance for assuring such correspondence are discussed in Part Two. (Author).