A Study Of Braids PDF Download
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| Author | : Kunio Murasugi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 287 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9401593191 |
Download A Study of Braids Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In Chapter 6, we describe the concept of braid equivalence from the topological point of view. This will lead us to a new concept braid homotopy that is discussed fully in the next chapter. As just mentioned, in Chapter 7, we shall discuss the difference between braid equivalence and braid homotopy. Also in this chapter, we define a homotopy braid invariant that turns out to be the so-called Milnor number. Chapter 8 is a quick review of knot theory, including Alexander's theorem. While, Chapters 9 is devoted to Markov's theorem, which allows the application of this theory to other fields. This was one of the motivations Artin had in mind when he began studying braid theory. In Chapter 10, we discuss the primary applications of braid theory to knot theory, including the introduction of the most important invariants of knot theory, the Alexander polynomial and the Jones polynomial. In Chapter 11, motivated by Dirac's string problem, the ordinary braid group is generalized to the braid groups of various surfaces. We discuss these groups from an intuitive and diagrammatic point of view. In the last short chapter 12, we present without proof one theorem, due to Gorin and Lin [GoL] , that is a surprising application of braid theory to the theory of algebraic equations.
| Author | : Kunio Murasugi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 1999-06-30 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789401593205 |
Download A Study of Braids Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book provides a comprehensive exposition of the theory of braids, beginning with the basic mathematical definitions and structures. Among the many topics explained in detail are: the braid group for various surfaces; the solution of the word problem for the braid group; braids in the context of knots and links (Alexander's theorem); Markov's theorem and its use in obtaining braid invariants; the connection between the Platonic solids (regular polyhedra) and braids; the use of braids in the solution of algebraic equations. Dirac's problem and special types of braids termed Mexican plaits are also discussed. Audience: Since the book relies on concepts and techniques from algebra and topology, the authors also provide a couple of appendices that cover the necessary material from these two branches of mathematics. Hence, the book is accessible not only to mathematicians but also to anybody who might have an interest in the theory of braids. In particular, as more and more applications of braid theory are found outside the realm of mathematics, this book is ideal for any physicist, chemist or biologist who would like to understand the mathematics of braids. With its use of numerous figures to explain clearly the mathematics, and exercises to solidify the understanding, this book may also be used as a textbook for a course on knots and braids, or as a supplementary textbook for a course on topology or algebra.
| Author | : Christian Kassel |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 349 |
| Release | : 2008-06-28 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 0387685480 |
Download Braid Groups Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this well-written presentation, motivated by numerous examples and problems, the authors introduce the basic theory of braid groups, highlighting several definitions that show their equivalence; this is followed by a treatment of the relationship between braids, knots and links. Important results then treat the linearity and orderability of the subject. Relevant additional material is included in five large appendices. Braid Groups will serve graduate students and a number of mathematicians coming from diverse disciplines.
| Author | : Joan S. Birman |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 1974 |
| Genre | : Crafts & Hobbies |
| ISBN | : 9780691081496 |
Download Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The central theme of this study is Artin's braid group and the many ways that the notion of a braid has proved to be important in low-dimensional topology. In Chapter 1 the author is concerned with the concept of a braid as a group of motions of points in a manifold. She studies structural and algebraic properties of the braid groups of two manifolds, and derives systems of defining relations for the braid groups of the plane and sphere. In Chapter 2 she focuses on the connections between the classical braid group and the classical knot problem. After reviewing basic results she proceeds to an exploration of some possible implications of the Garside and Markov theorems. Chapter 3 offers discussion of matrix representations of the free group and of subgroups of the automorphism group of the free group. These ideas come to a focus in the difficult open question of whether Burau's matrix representation of the braid group is faithful. Chapter 4 is a broad view of recent results on the connections between braid groups and mapping class groups of surfaces. Chapter 5 contains a brief discussion of the theory of "plats." Research problems are included in an appendix.
| Author | : Joan S. Birman |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2016-03-02 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 1400881420 |
Download Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups. (AM-82), Volume 82 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The central theme of this study is Artin's braid group and the many ways that the notion of a braid has proved to be important in low-dimensional topology. In Chapter 1 the author is concerned with the concept of a braid as a group of motions of points in a manifold. She studies structural and algebraic properties of the braid groups of two manifolds, and derives systems of defining relations for the braid groups of the plane and sphere. In Chapter 2 she focuses on the connections between the classical braid group and the classical knot problem. After reviewing basic results she proceeds to an exploration of some possible implications of the Garside and Markov theorems. Chapter 3 offers discussion of matrix representations of the free group and of subgroups of the automorphism group of the free group. These ideas come to a focus in the difficult open question of whether Burau's matrix representation of the braid group is faithful. Chapter 4 is a broad view of recent results on the connections between braid groups and mapping class groups of surfaces. Chapter 5 contains a brief discussion of the theory of "plats." Research problems are included in an appendix.
| Author | : Joan S. Birman |
| Publisher | : American Mathematical Soc. |
| Total Pages | : 766 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 0821850881 |
Download Braids Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Contains the proceedings of the AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Artin's Braid Group, held at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in July 1986. This work is suitable for graduate students and researchers who wish to learn more about braids, as well as more experienced workers in this area.
| Author | : Seiichi Kamada |
| Publisher | : American Mathematical Soc. |
| Total Pages | : 329 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 0821829696 |
Download Braid and Knot Theory in Dimension Four Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Braid theory and knot theory are related via two famous results due to Alexander and Markov. Alexander's theorem states that any knot or link can be put into braid form. Markov's theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions to conclude that two braids represent the same knot or link. Thus, one can use braid theory to study knot theory and vice versa. In this book, the author generalizes braid theory to dimension four. He develops the theory of surface braids and applies it tostudy surface links. In particular, the generalized Alexander and Markov theorems in dimension four are given. This book is the first to contain a complete proof of the generalized Markov theorem. Surface links are studied via the motion picture method, and some important techniques of this method arestudied. For surface braids, various methods to describe them are introduced and developed: the motion picture method, the chart description, the braid monodromy, and the braid system. These tools are fundamental to understanding and computing invariants of surface braids and surface links. Included is a table of knotted surfaces with a computation of Alexander polynomials. Braid techniques are extended to represent link homotopy classes. The book is geared toward a wide audience, from graduatestudents to specialists. It would make a suitable text for a graduate course and a valuable resource for researchers.
| Author | : Viktor Vasilʹevich Prasolov |
| Publisher | : American Mathematical Soc. |
| Total Pages | : 250 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 0821808982 |
Download Knots, Links, Braids and 3-Manifolds Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is an introduction to the remarkable work of Vaughan Jones and Victor Vassiliev on knot and link invariants and its recent modifications and generalizations, including a mathematical treatment of Jones-Witten invariants. The mathematical prerequisites are minimal compared to other monographs in this area. Numerous figures and problems make this book suitable as a graduate level course text or for self-study.
| Author | : Patrick Dehornoy |
| Publisher | : Birkhäuser |
| Total Pages | : 637 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3034884427 |
Download Braids and Self-Distributivity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This is the award-winning monograph of the Sunyer i Balaguer Prize 1999. The book presents recently discovered connections between Artin’s braid groups and left self-distributive systems, which are sets equipped with a binary operation satisfying the identity x(yz) = (xy)(xz). Although not a comprehensive course, the exposition is self-contained, and many basic results are established. In particular, the first chapters include a thorough algebraic study of Artin’s braid groups.
| Author | : William Menasco |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 502 |
| Release | : 2005-08-02 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9780080459547 |
Download Handbook of Knot Theory Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is a survey of current topics in the mathematical theory of knots. For a mathematician, a knot is a closed loop in 3-dimensional space: imagine knotting an extension cord and then closing it up by inserting its plug into its outlet. Knot theory is of central importance in pure and applied mathematics, as it stands at a crossroads of topology, combinatorics, algebra, mathematical physics and biochemistry. * Survey of mathematical knot theory * Articles by leading world authorities * Clear exposition, not over-technical * Accessible to readers with undergraduate background in mathematics
