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Review

Review
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2008
Genre: Banks and banking
ISBN:

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Fiscal Policy Effectiveness in a Small Open Economy

Fiscal Policy Effectiveness in a Small Open Economy
Author: Mr.Antonio David
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2017-03-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475588283

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This paper presents estimates of fiscal multipliers in Paraguay following different econometric techniques and identification approaches. The results point to multipliers for capital expenditure that are substantially higher than multipliers for current expenditure. In addition, the evidence suggests that tax multipliers are close to zero when using conventional identification approaches, but estimates can be much larger when considering the “narrative” approach. One implication of the results is that the balanced budget multiplier for Paraguay i.e. the effect of on output of an increase in expenditures (in particular capital expenditure) financed by taxes is likely to be positive.


Business Periodicals Index

Business Periodicals Index
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 2892
Release: 2007
Genre: Business
ISBN:

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Tax By Design

Tax By Design
Author: Stuart Adam
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 552
Release: 2011-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199553742

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Based on the findings of a commission chaired by James Mirrlees, this volume presents a coherent picture of tax reform whose aim is to identify the characteristics of a good tax system for any open developed economy, assess the extent to which the UK tax system conforms to these ideals, and recommend how it might be reformed in that direction.


Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality

Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 39
Release: 2015-06-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513547437

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This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.


Shock Waves

Shock Waves
Author: Stephane Hallegatte
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2015-11-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464806748

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Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy

Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy
Author: Matthew J. Kotchen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2024-04-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780226835723

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Rigorous, careful, and nonpartisan research with a high policy impact on environmental and energy economics. Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy focuses on the effective and efficient management of environmental and energy challenges. Research papers offer new evidence on the intended and unintended consequences, the market and nonmarket effects, and the incentive and distributional impacts of policy initiatives and market developments. This volume presents six new papers on environmental and energy economics and policy. Sarah Armitage, Noël Bakhtian, and Adam Jaffe review the literature on innovation market failures with an eye towards developing insights on the implementation of such policies in the climate and energy context. Richard Newell, William Pizer, and Brian Prest discuss alternative ways of accounting for capital displacement in benefit-cost analysis. Tihitina Andarge, Yongjie Ji, Bonnie Keeler, David Keiser, and Conor McKenzie provide new estimates of the distribution of environmental benefits and burdens of the Clean Water Act. E. Mark Curtis, Layla O'Kane, and Jisung Park examine the employment transitions into and out of sectors most likely affected by decarbonization. Lucas Davis provides a detailed analysis of heat pump adoption in the United States, showing that it may be one of the few energy-efficiency technologies for which subsidy take-up does not favor high-income households. Finally, Robert Huang and Matthew Kahn contribute to the political economy of U.S. energy policy, showing that many Republican-leaning states have a comparative advantage at generating some types of green power.


Evaluating Public Spending

Evaluating Public Spending
Author: Sanjay Pradhan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 150
Release: 1996-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780821336335

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World Bank Discussion Paper No. 318. Analyzes the condition needed for achieving sustainable private sector growth in the Visegrad countries--the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic. The analysis focuses on the legal and regulatory framework and institutional capacity, the privatization of state enterprises, and private sector development.