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A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach to Cost-Uncertainty Analysis

A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach to Cost-Uncertainty Analysis
Author: Donald F. Schaefer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 1969
Genre:
ISBN:

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An important aspect of cost research is the measurement of the uncertainty inherent in the projection of system cost. Approaches to this problem have in the past centered on the decision maker's intuition or in sensitivity analysis. Only recently have approaches utilizing such tools as statistical decision theory and probability theory been formulated. This study focuses on the Monte Carlo simulation approach to uncertainty in cost analysis. This approach requires: (a) Expression of input estimates as probability distributions reflecting uncertainty. (b) Cost equations pertinent to a particular model. The Monte Carlo simulation approach then generates: (a) The frequency distribution for system cost. (b) Statistical measures that illustrate the nature and magnitude of system cost uncertainty. Two models are developed, the Beta model and the Weibull model, each of which reflects a particular distribution form for the inputs. The relative costs and advantages of each model are compared. A user's guide to the program and complete program listings are presented in an appendix.


Probability Methods for Cost Uncertainty Analysis

Probability Methods for Cost Uncertainty Analysis
Author: Paul R. Garvey
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 526
Release: 2016-01-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 148221976X

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Probability Methods for Cost Uncertainty Analysis: A Systems Engineering Perspective, Second Edition gives you a thorough grounding in the analytical methods needed for modeling and measuring uncertainty in the cost of engineering systems. This includes the treatment of correlation between the cost of system elements, how to present the analysis to


Risk Management-- Monte Carlo Simulation in Cost Estimating

Risk Management-- Monte Carlo Simulation in Cost Estimating
Author: Anthony J. Barreras
Publisher:
Total Pages: 10
Release: 2011
Genre: Contingencies in finance
ISBN:

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Monte Carolo simulation is a practical tool used in determining contingency and can facilitate more effective management of cost estimate uncertainties. This paper details the process for effectively developing the model for Monte Carlo simulations and reveals some of the intricacies needing special consideration. This paper begins with a discussion on the importance of continuous risk management practice and leads into the why and how a Monte Carlo simulation is used to establish contingency. Given the right Monte Carlo simulation tools and skills, any size project can take advantage of the advancements of information availability and technology to yield powerful results.


Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk Analysis

Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk Analysis
Author: Dr David Hulett
Publisher: Gower Publishing, Ltd.
Total Pages: 241
Release: 2012-09-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1409459101

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Project managers tend to believe their cost estimates - whether they have exceeded budgets in the past or not. It is dangerous to accept the engineering cost estimates, which are often optimistic or unrealistic. Though cost estimates incorporate contingency reserves below-the-line, these estimates of reserves often do not benefit from a rigorous assessment of risk to project costs. Risks to cost come from multiple sources including uncertain project duration, which is often ignored in cost risk analyses. In short, experience shows that cost estimating on projects is rarely successful - cost overruns routinely occur. There are effective ways to estimate the impact on the cost of complex projects from project risks of all types, including traditional cost-type risks and the indirect but often substantial impact from risks usually thought of as affecting project schedules. Integrated cost-schedule risk anlaysis helps us determine how likely the project will go over budget with the current plan, how much contingency reserve is required to achieve a desired level of certainty, and which risks are most important so the project manager can mitigate them and achieve a better result. Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk Analysis provides solutions for these and other challenges. This book follows on from David Hulett's highly-praised Practical Schedule Risk Analysis. It focuses on the way that schedule risk can generate cost risk, and how to handle this relationship. It also applies the Risk Driver Method to the analysis so that you can clearly and transparently identify the key risks, rather than just the most risky cost line items. With detailed worked examples and over 70 illustrations, Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk Analysis offers the definitive guide to this critically important aspect of project management from surely the world's leading commentator.


Whole Life-Cycle Costing

Whole Life-Cycle Costing
Author: Abdelhalim Boussabaine
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2008-04-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0470759151

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Whole life-cycle costing (WLCC) is rapidly becoming the standard method for the long-term cost appraisal of buildings and civil infrastructure projects. With clients now demanding buildings that demonstrate value for money over the long term, WLCC has become an essential tool for those involved in the design, construction, operation and risk analysis of construction projects. Whole-life costing: risk and risk responses offers a thorough grounding in both the theory and practical application of WLCC. Part I deals with the fundamentals, providing the general background to appreciate WLCC concepts and whole life risk management techniques at the key decision-making milestones through a project’s life. Part II covers the design stage, including service life forecasting and environmental life-cycle assessment techniques in WLCC. Practical frameworks both for assessing whole life risks and risk responses, as well as guidance on developing WLCC budget estimates are also developed. In Part III, the authors consider WLCC during the construction and operations stages, with a strong emphasis upon risk analysis methods and dynamic WLCC assessment. With its mixture of established theory, best practice and innovative approaches, this book will help you make more accurate assessments of the long-term cost effectiveness of projects by: providing a thorough grounding in the theory of WLCC demonstrating how decision-making uncertainty can be reduced by basing choices on sound risk management principles identifying a systematic approach to planning the post-occupancy costs.


Business Analytics in Practice

Business Analytics in Practice
Author: Ashutosh Kumar
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: Business
ISBN: 9781529670462

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Monte Carlo simulation, a probabilistic approach, is used to examine the impact of one or more independent variables on the dependent variables through simulation analysis. The method allows users to take multiple possible values of the independent variables and hence, estimation error reduces drastically compared to non-simulation methods. This method helps managers in decision-making under uncertain and complex business situations. Monte Carlo simulation has received wide applications ranging from climate change, engineering, and business to medicine. This how-to-guide provides steps on using the Monte Carlo Simulation and illustrates them by examining the impact of changes in cost of capital on the project selection decision. Cost of capital might change over the life of the project due to change in cost of equity or cost of loans. Hence, to examine the impact of change of cost of capital on the project cost, Monte Carlo simulation can be a good method to use as it allows the researcher to take probabilistic values of the independent variables. Thus, Monte Carlo analysis would help project appraisal managers examine the risk of a project. This analysis and interpretation can be extended to any business decision situation wherever a variable depends on another variable and chances of variations in the independent variables are there.Monte Carlo Simulation, Data Table, Business Decision, Project Risk.


A Monte Carlo Risk Analysis of Life Cycle Cost Prediction

A Monte Carlo Risk Analysis of Life Cycle Cost Prediction
Author: Samuel B. Graves
Publisher:
Total Pages: 191
Release: 1975
Genre:
ISBN:

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This study is an investigation of the uncertainties involved in the prediction and measurement of Life Cycle Costs. The particular treatment here analyzes Logistic Support Costs, which are a subset of the Life Cycle Costs. The Logistics Supportability Incentives which are embodied in the current General Dynamics F-16 contract are analyzed in the light of the stochastic uncertainties of prediction and measurement of Logistic Support Cost. A Monte Carlo Simulation model is developed which will approximate the uncertainties involved in obtaining a sample measurement of Logistic Support Cost in a fixed length test. The model output is applied to the problems of determining appropriate contractor rewards or penalties, investigating the feasibility of contractor strategies, and investigating the effect of various test lengths.


Theory and Applications of Monte Carlo Simulations

Theory and Applications of Monte Carlo Simulations
Author: Victor Chan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN: 9789535157243

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The purpose of this book is to introduce researchers and practitioners to recent advances and applications of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). Random sampling is the key of the MCS technique. The 11 chapters of this book collectively illustrates how such a sampling technique is exploited to solve difficult problems or analyze complex systems in various engineering and science domains. Issues related to the use of MCS including goodness-of-fit, uncertainty evaluation, variance reduction, optimization, and statistical estimation are discussed and examples of solutions are given. Novel applications of MCS are demonstrated in financial systems modeling, estimation of transition behavior of organic molecules, chemical reaction, particle diffusion, kinetic simulation of biophysics and biological data, and healthcare practices. To enlarge the accessibility of this book, both field-specific background materials and field-specific usages of MCS are introduced in most chapters. The aim of this book is to unify knowledge of MCS from different fields to facilitate research and new applications of MCS.


The Monte Carlo Simulation Method for System Reliability and Risk Analysis

The Monte Carlo Simulation Method for System Reliability and Risk Analysis
Author: Enrico Zio
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 204
Release: 2012-11-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1447145887

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Monte Carlo simulation is one of the best tools for performing realistic analysis of complex systems as it allows most of the limiting assumptions on system behavior to be relaxed. The Monte Carlo Simulation Method for System Reliability and Risk Analysis comprehensively illustrates the Monte Carlo simulation method and its application to reliability and system engineering. Readers are given a sound understanding of the fundamentals of Monte Carlo sampling and simulation and its application for realistic system modeling. Whilst many of the topics rely on a high-level understanding of calculus, probability and statistics, simple academic examples will be provided in support to the explanation of the theoretical foundations to facilitate comprehension of the subject matter. Case studies will be introduced to provide the practical value of the most advanced techniques. This detailed approach makes The Monte Carlo Simulation Method for System Reliability and Risk Analysis a key reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers and practitioners. It provides a powerful tool for all those involved in system analysis for reliability, maintenance and risk evaluations.