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| Author | : Jennifer L. Bachorik |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Tim Schedl |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 434 |
| Release | : 2012-08-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1461440157 |
Germ cells in sexually reproducing metazoa, through the germline lineage, are the route by which genetic material and cytoplasmic constituents are passed from one generation to the next in the continuum of life. Chapters in this book review germ cell development in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, discussing the biology, the genetics and the molecular mechanisms for various processes, as well as drawing comparisons with other organisms. Processes discussed include specification of germ cell fate, meiosis, gametogenesis, environmental/ physiological controls, epigenetics and translational control, fertilization and the oocyte-to-embryo transition. This book thus provides a comprehensive picture of the germline lineage and the continuum of life for the worm.
| Author | : Joan Marsh |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 2008-04-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0470514582 |
Connects classical cellular descriptive studies with more recent work on the molecular and genetic aspects regarding germline development. Prominent scientists discuss research on a range of organisms including insects, worms, birds, fish, amphibia, mammals and green algae. Specification of germ cells, their migration to the gonads and subsequent interactions with the soma and evolutionary factors of their segregation are among the topics covered.
| Author | : Ian A. Hope |
| Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
| Total Pages | : 306 |
| Release | : 1999-12-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 019159198X |
Caenorhabditis Elegans has been a popular model organism for biological research for over thirty years and has been used to investigate many aspects of animal development, for example apoptosis, the Hox genes, signal transduction pathways, and the development of the nervous system. It has recently taken on new importance with the publication of the entire genome sequence in 1998. The first chapter gives all the basic information on C. elegans required to use it: it's natural history, anatomy, life cycle, development, and evolution. Information on how to obtain, grow, and maintain C. elegans for use as a model system is given in Chapter 4. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the genome project and show how to use genome sequence information by searching the database for homologues using different search methods and then how to analyse the search data. The next chapter gives the essential practical details of transformation and common uses for the technique. Chapter 6 covers reverse genetics and describes strategies for gene inactivation that are known to work in C elegans: epigenetic inactivation and mutational germ line inactivation. Chapter 7 is designed to help the user analyse phenotype by microscopy and includes Normaski, fluorescence, 4-dimensional, and electron microscopy. Techniques for studying the neurobiology of C. elegans are given in chapter 8. Chapter 9 describes the three commonly used approaches for studying gene expression and Chapter 10 deals with the common methods of molecular biology essential for gene characterization. C. elegans is not the ideal organism for biochemical studies, but chapter 11 describes several procedures for producing biochemically useful quantities of pure tissues. The final chapter is about conventional genetics and details the standard procedures for selfing and crossing; mutagenesis and mutant screening; characterization of mutants; gene mapping; temperature-shift experiments and mosaic analysis. Caenorhabditis Elegans: A Practical Approach will therefore provide all the background information necessary for use of C. elegans as a model system.
| Author | : Jeffrey P. C. Gaudet |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Male development in the nematode 'Caenorhabditis elegans' requires the activity of the three 'fem' genes, 'fem-1, fem-2,' and 'fem-3.' The products of these genes form part of a novel signal transduction pathway that controls 'C. elegans ' sex determination, but the mechanism by which the FEMs act remains unclear. I report the use of a 'fem-1' reporter construct to show that 'fem-1' is widely expressed throughout development in both sexes, indicating that 'fem-1' is regulated post-transcriptionally. I further characterize the sequences required for 'fem-1' expression, and characterize a dominant feminization of the germline caused by ' fem-1' transgenes. To identify regions of FEM-1 that are important for its activity, I cloned and characterized 'fem-1' homologues from two related nematode species. Overall, FEM-1 is more conserved than the other 'Caenorhabditis ' sex determining genes. Within FEM-1, the ANK repeats and a kinesin light chain-like repeat are the most conserved regions. Despite the sequence conservation, 'C. briggsae fem-1' is unable to functionally replace 'C. elegans fem-1.' A small region of ' fem-1' coding sequence, between the ANK and TPR encoding regions, appears to be responsible for the functional divergence. I also present data that suggests that in 'C. briggsae, fem-1' may not be required for germline sex determination, possibly revealing the rapid evolution of germline sex determination mechanisms. To elucidate how the FEMs function in the transduction of the sex determination signal, I examined the subcellular localization of each of the FEM proteins. I show that FEM-2 is cytosolic in both sexes, and can interact 'in vivo' with FEM-3, which also appears to function in the cytoplasm. In contrast, FEM-1 appears to localize to discrete compartments within the cell. This localization is at least partially dependent on the kinesin light chain-like repeat of FEM-1. I discuss the implications of the localization data and consider possible models for the mechanism of FEM activity.
| Author | : Steven X. Hou |
| Publisher | : Humana Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014-10-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781617378805 |
In this comprehensive and cutting-edge book, leading experts explore the parameters that define germline stem cells and the mechanisms that regulate the cell behavior in order to better isolate, characterize and maintain them. The volume begins by providing protocols for germline stem cell identification and regulation in model organisms, and concludes with detailed chapters covering current techniques involving in vitro culture and the applications of the cells.
| Author | : Beth Ellen Thompson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 182 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Matthew A Gaddy |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 52 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Stem cells face a number of major fate decision during their development: the decision to self-renew or differentiate, and then whether to remain differentiated or dedifferentiate, as occurs in some oncogenesis. A regulatory network controlling these decisions is vital to the development of all multicellular organisms, including humans. Aberrant regulation can result in either loss of specific cell type or uncontrolled cell proliferation, leading to tumors. However, our understanding of how differentiated cell can be reverted to an undifferentiated state remains far more limited.Using the nematode C. elegans germline as a model system, we previously reported that PUF-8 (a PUF RNA-binding protein) and LIP-1 (a dual-specificity phosphatase) inhibit the formation of germline tumors via repressing the dedifferentiation of spermatocytes into mitotic cells (termed "spermatocyte dedifferentiation") at least in part by inhibiting MPK-1 (an ERK MAPK homolog) activation. To gain insight into the molecular competence for spermatocyte dedifferentiation, we compared the germline phenotypes between two competent mutants -- puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15) with a high MPK-1 activity and puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) with a low MPK-1 activity. puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15) mutants developed germline tumors more aggressively than puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) mutants at 25̊C with aging. This result suggests that MPK-1 activation is critical to induce the formation of germline tumors via spermatocyte dedifferentiation. This idea was confirmed by treatment of puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) mutant worms with Resveratrol, which stimulates MPK-1 activation. Our results show that 100 mM RSV significantly induced the formation of germline tumors via spermatocyte dedifferentiation at 25̊C with aging. Therefore, we conclude that MPK-1 activation is required to promote the formation of germline tumors via spermatocyte dedifferentiation in the absence of PUF-8. Since PUF-8 and MPK-1 are broadly conserved, we therefore suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may control dedifferentiation-mediated tumorigenesis in other organisms, including humans.
| Author | : Judith Ann Austin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 304 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Thomas Allen Rosenquist |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 382 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
