A Comparatative Approach To The English Tense System PDF Download
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| Author | : Marc Schubert |
| Publisher | : GRIN Verlag |
| Total Pages | : 29 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 3656092591 |
Download A Comparatative Approach to the English Tense System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, grade: 1,7, University of Hamburg, language: English, abstract: Robert Binnick (1991: vii) wrote "whoever has read in one book that English has three tenses, in another that it has two, and in yet a third that is has sixteen (...) may be pardoned for some confusion and some skepticism as to the claim of linguistic scholars to know a great deal about tense". This quotation illustrates the problem of the classification of the English tense system on which the focus of this paper will be based. Although linguists' knowledge of the tense system has increased over the years, the problem is that, as Robin Lakoff wrote, they "cannot account for many ways in which tenses are used in English" (Binnick 1991: vii). Therefore, English tense(s) have not yet been understood completely. By comparing different authors and frameworks, this paper will present different approaches to the English tense system. The aim is not to provide a perfect solution to all answers but to introduce different viewpoints and to go a step beyond the common conceptualization of the English language by presenting competing theories.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
| Total Pages | : 854 |
| Release | : 2008-08-22 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 3110199882 |
Download The Grammar of the English Tense System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Grammar of the English Tense System forms the first volume of a four-volume set, The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase. The other volumes, to appear over the next few years, will deal with mood and modality, aspect and voice. The book aims to provide a grammar of tense which can be used both as an advanced reference grammar (for example by MA-level or postgraduate students of English or linguistics) and as a scientific study which can act as a basis for and stimulus to further research. It provides not only a wealth of data but also a unique framework for the study of the English tense system, which achieves great predictive and explanatory power on the basis of a limited number of relatively simple rules. The framework provided allows for an analysis of the semantics of individual tenses which reflects the role of tenses not only in locating situations in time relative to speech time but also in relating situations in time relative to one another to form temporally coherent discourse. Attention is paid to the relations between tenses. On the one hand, we can identify sets of tenses linked to particular temporal areas such as the past or the future. These sets of tenses provide for the expression of a system of temporal relations in a stretch of discourse in which all the situations are located within the same temporal area. On the other hand, there are many contexts in which speakers might in theory choose between two or more tenses to locate a situation (e.g., when we choose between the past tense and the present perfect to locate a situation before speech time), and the book examines the difference that a choice of one or the other tense may make within a discourse context. The book moves from a detailed exploration of the meaning and use of individual tenses to a thorough analysis of the way in which tenses can be seen to function together as sets, and finally to a detailed examination of tenses in, and tenses interacting with, temporal adverbials. Original data is used frequently throughout the book to illustrate the theory discussed.
| Author | : Ilse Depraetere |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
| Total Pages | : 453 |
| Release | : 2011-08-17 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 3110869039 |
Download The Tense System in English Relative Clauses Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.
| Author | : Bettina Zeisler |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
| Total Pages | : 1012 |
| Release | : 2011-06-24 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 3110908182 |
Download Relative Tense and Aspectual Values in Tibetan Languages Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study presents a comparative approach to a universal theory of TENSE, ASPECT and MOOD, combining the methods of comparative and historical linguistics, fieldwork, text linguistics, and philology. The parts of the book discuss and describe (i) the concepts of TENSE, ASPECT and MOOD; (ii) the Tibetan system of RELATIVE TENSE and aspectual values, with main sections on Old and Classical Tibetan, “Lhasa” Tibetan, and East Tibetan (Amdo and Kham); and (iii) West Tibetan (Ladakhi, Purik, Balti); Part (iv) presents the comparative view. Discussing the similarities and differences of temporal and aspectual concepts, the study rejects the general claim that ASPECT is a linguistic universal. A new linguistic concept, FRAMING, is introduced in order to account for the aspect-like conceptualisations found in, e.g., English. The concept of RELATIVE TENSE or taxis, may likewise not be universal. Among the Tibetan varieties, West Tibetan is unique in having fully grammaticalized the concept of ABSOLUTE TENSE. West Tibetan is compared diachronically with Old and Classical Tibetan (documented since the mid 8th century) and synchronically with several contemporary Tibetan varieties. The grammaticalized forms of each variety are described on the basis of their employment in discourse. The underlying general function of the Tibetan verbal system is thus shown to be that of RELATIVE TENSE. Secondary aspectual functions are described for restricted contexts. A special focus on the pragmatic or metaphorical use of present tense constructions in Tibetan leads to a typology of narrative conventions. The last part also offers some suggestions for the reconstruction of the Proto-Tibetan verb system.
| Author | : D. Kimbrough Oller |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Animal communication |
| ISBN | : 9780262151115 |
Download Evolution of Communication Systems Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Using a comparative approach in order to understand the origins of communication, this title explores the mysterious circumstances that surround the emergence of human languages, as well as the methods that other species use in order to communicate.
| Author | : Annabelle Jenkins |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 58 |
| Release | : 2018-04-28 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781717548023 |
Download The English Tense System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The English Tense System consists of twelve tenses. This concise little book gives an overview of each one of them and how to use them in all persons in the affirmative, negative and interrogate. Ideal for learners of the English language.
| Author | : Carl Bache |
| Publisher | : Equinox Publishing (UK) |
| Total Pages | : 244 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : English language |
| ISBN | : |
Download English Tense and Aspect in Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is aimed at fellow practitioners and researchers in functional linguistics. It offers a friendly but critical appraisal of a major component of the 'standard' version of SFL, i.e. the account given by Halliday and Matthiessen of tense and aspect in English. Supporting his criticisms with evidence from a project in corpus linguistics, Bache suggests that this account fails in several ways to satisfy accepted functionalist criteria, and hence needs revising and extending. After surveying alternative functionalist approaches to modelling time and tense in English (including Fawcett's Cardiff school approach and Harder's instructional-semantic approach), and after presenting a number of principles of category description, Bache goes on to offer an alternative SFL account of this area of grammar. In Bache's model, the focus is on the speaker's communicative motivation for choosing particular verb forms. The relevant choice relations are seen to draw on metafunctionally diverse resources, such as tense, action, aspect and other domains. The basically univariate, serial structure of the verbal group is accordingly enriched with certain characteristics associated with multivariate structures, and the idea of recursion is abandoned. Bache finally examines the descriptive potential of his model in connection with projection, conditions, and narration.
| Author | : Martin Pütz |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 2012-05-18 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 3110866242 |
Download Theory and Language Acquisition Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
As a usage-based language theory, cognitive linguistics is predestined to have an impact on applied research in such areas as language in society, ideology, language acquisition, language pedagogy. The present volumes are a first systematic attempt to carve out pathways from the links between language and cognition to the fields of language acquisition and language pedagogy and to deal with them in one coherent framework: applied cognitive linguistics.
| Author | : James Muir |
| Publisher | : London : Batsford |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 1972 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : |
Download A Modern Approach to English Grammar Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Hassan Abdel-Shafik Hassan Gadalla |
| Publisher | : Cambridge Scholars Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 182 |
| Release | : 2017-05-11 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 1443893706 |
Download Translating Tenses in Arabic-English and English-Arabic Contexts Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume is devoted to the translation of Arabic tenses into English, and English tenses into Arabic. Using a corpus of 1,605 examples, it is remarkably exhaustive in its treatment of the categories and forms of both Standard Arabic and English tenses. As such, it represents a useful reference for translators and linguistics researchers. With 260 example sentences and their translations, the book will be very beneficial to teachers and students of Arabic-English and English-Arabic translation. The book is divided into eight chapters. The first presents the variety of Arabic that will be studied and explains why translation should be a text-oriented process. Chapter Two deals with the differences between tense and aspect in Arabic and English, respectively. Chapter Three proposes a model for translating Standard Arabic perfect verbs into English based on their contextual references. The fourth chapter shows the contextual clues that can assist a translator in selecting the proper English equivalents of Arabic imperfect verbs. Chapter Five deals with the translation of Arabic active participles into English. Translating Arabic passive participles into English is handled in Chapter Six. The seventh chapter tackles the translation of English simple and progressive tenses into Arabic. Chapter Eight provides an approach to the translation of English perfect and perfect progressive tenses into Standard Arabic.
