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A Century of Russian Agriculture

A Century of Russian Agriculture
Author: Lazar Volin
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 644
Release: 1970-01-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780674106215

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"The failure of the annual harvest is still an event of greater importance in the lives of the Russian people than...what happens to steel production."--from the Introduction With over 540 million acres sown to crops the Soviet Union was one of the world's agricultural giants. Yet agriculture was the Achilles heel of the Soviet economy. Public pronouncements of Russian leaders--prerevolutionary and postrevolutionary alike--attested the crucial role of the agricultural problem, its economically and politically explosive nature, and its persistence over the years. This is one of the most thorough studies ever made of Russian agriculture. Emphasizing the continuity of problems and policies too often dichotomized into tsarist and Soviet eras, Volin has created a monumental work--a sweeping panorama of the century between the emancipation of the serfs and the 1960s. The author begins by recounting the development of serfdom and describing the emancipation and subsequent problem of land distribution. In the first part ofthe book he also explores the first agrarian revolution (1905) and the reforms that followed it, as well as the conditions during World War I that led to the Revolution of 1917. In Part II he treats agricultural conditions during the Civil War, attempts made to restore the economy by means of the New Economic Policy, Stalin's programof forced collectivization and liquidation of the kulaks, agricultural conditions during World War II--including Nazi policies in occupied territory--and the policies of Stalin in the postwar recovery. The longest section of the book is devoted to the Khrushchev era. It covers capital investment and expansion of sown acreage, incentives for the kolkhozniks, their income, and the supply of consumer goods, as well as mechanization and electrification programs, the state farms, rates of production, and administrative control and planning. The final chapter summarizes the past century and comments on the outlook for the future.


A Century of Russian Agriculture

A Century of Russian Agriculture
Author: Lazar Volin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 656
Release: 2013-10-01
Genre:
ISBN: 9780674366343

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Public pronouncements of Russian leaders--prerevolutionary and postrevolutionary alike--attested the crucial role of the agricultural problem, its economically and politically explosive nature, and its persistence over the years. Emphasizing the continuity of problems and policies too often dichotomized into tsarist and Soviet eras, Volin created a sweeping panorama of the century between the emancipation of the serfs and the 1960s.


Agricultural Russia

Agricultural Russia
Author: George Pavlovsky
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 315
Release: 2017-02-17
Genre: History
ISBN: 1315396246

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This volume, originally published in 1930, discusses the economics of Russian agriculture during the early 20th century. It analyzes those economic influences which were at work and were bringing about its transformation. Starting from a sketch of the agricultural geography of European Russia, as it had been shaped by natural conditions, historical and economic factors, the author proceeds to the study of the organization and conditions of Russian farming and agricultural production, as well as discussing the Russian characteristics as an agricultural producer and the origins and disposal of her available surpluses of agricultural products.


Black Earth, White Bread

Black Earth, White Bread
Author: Susanne A. Wengle
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Pres
Total Pages: 328
Release: 2022-03-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 0299335402

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Introduction: setting the table -- Governance, or, How to solve the grain problem? -- Production -- Consumption, or, The Perestroika of the quotidian -- Nature -- Conclusion: vulnerabilities.


A Century of Agriculture

A Century of Agriculture
Author: Lazar Volin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 2278
Release: 1960
Genre: Agriculture
ISBN:

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The Lazar Volin typescript manuscript is titled "A Century of agriculture". This manuscript was published as "A Century of Russian agriculture, from Alexander II to Kruschev" in 1970.


The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–1933

The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–1933
Author: R. Davies
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 582
Release: 2016-01-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 0230273971

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This book examines the Soviet agricultural crisis of 1931-1933 which culminated in the major famine of 1933. It is the first volume in English to make extensive use of Russian and Ukrainian central and local archives to assess the extent and causes of the famine. It reaches new conclusions on how far the famine was 'organized' or 'artificial', and compares it with other Russian and Soviet famines and with major twentieth century famines elsewhere. Against this background, it discusses the emergence of collective farming as an economic and social system.


Farm to Factory

Farm to Factory
Author: Robert C. Allen
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2021-07-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1400832551

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To say that history's greatest economic experiment--Soviet communism--was also its greatest economic failure is to say what many consider obvious. Here, in a startling reinterpretation, Robert Allen argues that the USSR was one of the most successful developing economies of the twentieth century. He reaches this provocative conclusion by recalculating national consumption and using economic, demographic, and computer simulation models to address the "what if" questions central to Soviet history. Moreover, by comparing Soviet performance not only with advanced but with less developed countries, he provides a meaningful context for its evaluation. Although the Russian economy began to develop in the late nineteenth century based on wheat exports, modern economic growth proved elusive. But growth was rapid from 1928 to the 1970s--due to successful Five Year Plans. Notwithstanding the horrors of Stalinism, the building of heavy industry accelerated growth during the 1930s and raised living standards, especially for the many peasants who moved to cities. A sudden drop in fertility due to the education of women and their employment outside the home also facilitated growth. While highlighting the previously underemphasized achievements of Soviet planning, Farm to Factory also shows, through methodical analysis set in fluid prose, that Stalin's worst excesses--such as the bloody collectivization of agriculture--did little to spur growth. Economic development stagnated after 1970, as vital resources were diverted to the military and as a Soviet leadership lacking in original thought pursued wasteful investments.


Agrarian Reform in Russia

Agrarian Reform in Russia
Author: Carol S. Leonard
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 419
Release: 2010-12-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 1139491385

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This book examines the history of reforms and major state interventions affecting Russian agriculture: the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the Stolypin reforms, the NEP, the Collectivization, Khrushchev reforms, and finally farm enterprise privatization in the early 1990s. It shows a pattern emerging from a political imperative in imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet regimes, and it describes how these reforms were justified in the name of the national interest during severe crises - rapid inflation, military defeat, mass strikes, rural unrest, and/or political turmoil. It looks at the consequences of adversity in the economic environment for rural behavior after reform and at long-run trends. It has chapters on property rights, rural organization, and technological change. It provides a new database for measuring agricultural productivity from 1861 to 1913 and updates these estimates to the present. This book is a study of the policies aimed at reorganizing rural production and their effectiveness in transforming institutions.


Russian Agriculture in the 1880s

Russian Agriculture in the 1880s
Author: William Bosch
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2016-12-03
Genre: Agriculture
ISBN: 9781540466822

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This book contains over 50 refurbished maps and diagrams which first appeared in a book published in St. Petersburg in 1893. The reworked maps in this book contain information about the crops grown in European Russia in the 1880s, the yields of various crops such as spring wheat and rye, the mix of animals on their farms and much more. Agriculture on the steppes of Russia and on the prairies of North and South America progressed in tandem in the late 1800s. The reasons are many. First, information about agriculture was exchanged through publications, exhibits and visitations. Second, machinery was traded, copied and improved. Third, tens of thousands of ethnic German individuals and families engaged in farming in Russia emigrated to the United States, Canada and South America where they brought their experience and expertise to bear on the development of agricultural industries. These people are commonly referred to as German-Russians. The book, The Industries of Russia: Agriculture and Forestry, Volume 3, mentioned in the first paragraph, was brought to the 1893 world's fair in Chicago. In addition to the Preface and Introduction, this book contains twenty-two chapters on the status of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and rural industries in European Russia at that time. Much of the data is based on the years 1880-1892. The Russian and English versions of the book were published in 1893 in St. Petersburg. The Industries of Russia: Agriculture and Forestry, Volume 3 contains 37 maps and 10 diagrams of which all but one are in color and are loaded with interesting information about Russian agriculture in the 1880s. The original copies of this book, published in English and Russian, appear to be scarce, expensive and in poor shape. A digital reproduction and a couple of hard copy reproductions are available. These reproductions are scanned copies of the original. So the pages of each correspond exactly to the pages of the original. The text part of each looks good and is very readable. But the maps and diagrams are of poor quality or missing entirely. And the color of the maps in the original copies is fading and the maps contain a number of errors and problems that are easily correctable. The beauty of the maps and diagrams, the importance of the data displayed therein and the cultural and historical importance of the whole book demand that the maps and diagrams be preserved in a format that is as readable, attractive and error-free as possible. So in 2015 and early 2016, I reconstructed these maps and diagrams. A version of each one appears in my book Russian Agriculture in the 1880s. I broke some of them into two in order to adequately display all the information and I tried to eliminate all of the errors and defects. I added narrative to provide context and explanations for the maps and diagrams. This book is useful by itself or as a companion book to one of the reproductions mentioned earlier. Anyone with an interest in the history of agriculture in the plains of America and Russia will find much to like in this book.