02 Ugc Net Jrf Commerce Previous Questions Unit Wise Unit 2 Accounting Auditing PDF Download

UGC NTA NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards Table of Contents 1. UGC NTA NET EXAM DECEMBER -2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 2. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 3. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 4. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 5. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 6. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 7. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 8. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 9. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 10. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 11. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 12. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 13. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 14. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 15. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 16. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 17. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 18. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 19. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 20. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 21. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 22. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 23. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 24. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 25. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 26. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU NET SYLLABUS Subject: Commerce Code No. : 08 Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing Unit 3: Business Economics Unit 4: Business Finance Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions Unit 8: Marketing Management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business  Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business  Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy  Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy  Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP  Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA  International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD  World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing  Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates  Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms  Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies  Holding company accounts  Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT  Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis  Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting  Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS  Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit  Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit Unit 3: Business Economics  Meaning and scope of business economics  Objectives of business firms  Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR  Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis  Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale  Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves  Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination  Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing Unit 4: Business Finance  Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  Cost of capital and time value of money  Capital structure  Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis  Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization  International monetary system  Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques  International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs  International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods  Measures of central tendency  Measures of dispersion  Measures of skewness  Correlation and regression of two variables  Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem  Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions  Research: Concept and types; Research designs  Data: Collection and classification of data  Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation  Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test  Report writing Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management  Principles and functions of management  Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control  Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization  Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories  Corporate governance and business ethics  Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning  Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits  Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal  Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management  Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions  Overview of Indian financial system  Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks  Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management  Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management  Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market  Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds  Financial Regulators in India  Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion  Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems  Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role Unit 8: Marketing Management  Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning  Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development  Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies  Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix  Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management  Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions  Service marketing  Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM  Logistics management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business  Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;  Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency  Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer  Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments  The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company  Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India  The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions  The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties  The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions  Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property  Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning  Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing  Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations  Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns